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Air at the Kakanj Centar (70A) station

Kakanj, Zenica-Doboj Canton · Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Network: Federal Hydrometeorological Institute · Station code: BA0070A

This year, up to yesterday (October 6)

at least

49 days

with a daily average of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal limit of 125 µg/m³.

3 days are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 46 days more than allowed

In 2025: 133 days above the limit, 3 allowed.

at least

173 hours

with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal hourly limit of 350 µg/m³.

24 hours are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 149 hours more than allowed

Worst day: March 1, 2026, SO₂ 282 µg/m³ as a daily average, 2.3 times the limit.

SO₂ was above the alert threshold of 500 µg/m³ for at least 32 hours, three or more hours in a row (on 10 days).

These are measured values only. Whether a warning or alert episode has been declared is decided and published by the competent authorities.

Also: at least 30 days above the legal daily limit for PM10 of 50 µg/m³ (too few readings to compare with the allowed number).

Daily average for 210 of 279 days · data for 2026 not yet finally verified · Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

All figures by year and month

Moderate

Air now · Measured at 21:00

Latest values

Latest value: 21:00

Readings
PollutantValueLevel
PM1039.4 µg/m³Fair
NO₂28.5 µg/m³Moderate
O₃37.6 µg/m³Good
SO₂54.4 µg/m³Moderate

How the air is changing

Over the last seven days there was more PM10, NO₂, and SO₂ in the air than the week before.

  • PM10: average 33.7 µg/m³, week before 26.2 µg/m³
  • NO₂: average 28.8 µg/m³, week before 22.4 µg/m³
  • O₃: average 33.2 µg/m³, week before 33.7 µg/m³
  • SO₂: average 109.8 µg/m³, week before 60.5 µg/m³

There are not enough readings to compare with the month before.

  • PM10: too few readings to compare
  • NO₂: too few readings to compare
  • O₃: too few readings to compare
  • SO₂: too few readings to compare

Show

Sulphur dioxide SO₂

54.4

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 21:00

129.1

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

109.8

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 30 days

measured in 49 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 12 months

measured in 81 % of hours · 2 months with too few readings · provisional

Days in 2026: SO₂, daily average above 125 µg/m³

49 days above the limit. 53 days without any reading from the station.

1102031JanJan 1: no data from the stationJan 2: no data from the stationJan 3: no data from the stationJan 4: no data from the stationJan 5: no data from the stationJan 6: no data from the stationJan 7: no data from the stationJan 8: no data from the stationJan 9: no data from the stationJan 10: no data from the stationJan 11: no data from the stationJan 12: no data from the stationJan 13: no data from the stationJan 14: no data from the stationJan 15: no data from the stationJan 16: no data from the stationJan 17: no data from the stationJan 18: no data from the stationJan 19: no data from the stationJan 20: no data from the stationJan 21: no data from the stationJan 22: no data from the stationJan 23: no data from the stationJan 24: no data from the stationJan 25: no data from the stationJan 26: no data from the stationJan 27: no data from the stationFebFeb 2: 196 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 3: 169 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 6: 130 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 7: 131 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 8: 215 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 9: 169 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 10: 211 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 12: 151 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 14: 160 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 16: 132 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 18: 157 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 19: 154 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 23: 165 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 24: 137 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 27: 184 µg/m³, above the limitMarMar 1: 282 µg/m³, above the limitMar 2: 157 µg/m³, above the limitMar 6: 156 µg/m³, above the limitMar 11: 141 µg/m³, above the limitMar 13: 178 µg/m³, above the limitMar 22: 152 µg/m³, above the limitMar 25: 236 µg/m³, above the limitAprApr 5: no data from the stationApr 6: no data from the stationApr 11: no data from the stationApr 12: no data from the stationApr 19: 154 µg/m³, above the limitApr 25: 138 µg/m³, above the limitApr 28: 152 µg/m³, above the limitMayMay 4: 131 µg/m³, above the limitMay 10: 125 µg/m³, above the limitMay 23: no data from the stationMay 30: 134 µg/m³, above the limitJunJun 10: no data from the stationJun 16: 173 µg/m³, above the limitJun 20: 209 µg/m³, above the limitJun 28: 179 µg/m³, above the limitJun 29: 192 µg/m³, above the limitJun 30: 135 µg/m³, above the limitJulJul 6: 168 µg/m³, above the limitJul 14: 192 µg/m³, above the limitJul 19: 146 µg/m³, above the limitJul 23: 145 µg/m³, above the limitJul 25: 149 µg/m³, above the limitJul 29: 158 µg/m³, above the limitJul 30: 154 µg/m³, above the limitAugAug 2: 145 µg/m³, above the limitAug 3: 148 µg/m³, above the limitAug 5: 138 µg/m³, above the limitAug 6: 139 µg/m³, above the limitAug 10: 130 µg/m³, above the limitAug 15: 130 µg/m³, above the limitAug 31: 130 µg/m³, above the limitSepSep 2: no data from the stationSep 3: no data from the stationSep 4: no data from the stationSep 5: no data from the stationSep 6: no data from the stationSep 7: no data from the stationSep 8: no data from the stationSep 9: no data from the stationSep 10: no data from the stationSep 11: no data from the stationSep 12: no data from the stationSep 13: no data from the stationSep 14: no data from the stationSep 15: no data from the stationSep 16: no data from the stationSep 17: no data from the stationSep 18: no data from the stationSep 19: no data from the stationSep 20: no data from the stationSep 21: no data from the stationSep 28: 138 µg/m³, above the limitOctOct 5: 248 µg/m³, above the limitNovDec
  • above the limit
  • below the limit
  • too few readings for the day
  • no data from the station
Days above the limit with values (49)
  1. Feb 2 196
  2. Feb 3 169
  3. Feb 6 130
  4. Feb 7 131
  5. Feb 8 215
  6. Feb 9 169
  7. Feb 10 211
  8. Feb 12 151
  9. Feb 14 160
  10. Feb 16 132
  11. Feb 18 157
  12. Feb 19 154
  13. Feb 23 165
  14. Feb 24 137
  15. Feb 27 184
  16. Mar 1 282
  17. Mar 2 157
  18. Mar 6 156
  19. Mar 11 141
  20. Mar 13 178
  21. Mar 22 152
  22. Mar 25 236
  23. Apr 19 154
  24. Apr 25 138
  25. Apr 28 152
  26. May 4 131
  27. May 10 125
  28. May 30 134
  29. Jun 16 173
  30. Jun 20 209
  31. Jun 28 179
  32. Jun 29 192
  33. Jun 30 135
  34. Jul 6 168
  35. Jul 14 192
  36. Jul 19 146
  37. Jul 23 145
  38. Jul 25 149
  39. Jul 29 158
  40. Jul 30 154
  41. Aug 2 145
  42. Aug 3 148
  43. Aug 5 138
  44. Aug 6 139
  45. Aug 10 130
  46. Aug 15 130
  47. Aug 31 130
  48. Sep 28 138
  49. Oct 5 248

Values in µg/m³, limit 125 µg/m³.

Months of 2026

MonthDays above 125Hours above 350Highest dayNo readings
January009527
February15 above the number allowed212150
March7 above the number allowed202820
April3 above the number allowed141544
May3 above the number allowed91341
June5 above the number allowed292091
July7 above the number allowed301920
August7 above the number allowed301480
September1 above the number allowed913820
October up to yesterday1 above the number allowed112480

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 14 hours above the limithighest 1,558 µg/m³, latest 54 µg/m³ (21:00)01,0002,000ThuFriSatSunMonTueWedlatest 54 (21:00)
measuredlegal hourly limit, 350 µg/m³measured above the limit
Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 14 hours above the limit
Values as a table
Hour toµg/m³Note
Wednesday, 10/7
21:0054.4
20:0057.2
19:0027.2
18:0027.8
17:0052.5
16:00461.6above the limit
15:00753.2above the limit
14:00341
13:00683.1above the limit
12:0036.8
11:0030
10:0028.1
09:0028
08:0024.4
07:0023.2
06:0024
05:0024.8
04:0026.2
03:0028.9
02:0031.5
01:0036.9
Tuesday, 10/6
00:0039.4
23:0042.1
22:0052.4
21:0057.4
20:0054.6
19:0048.8
18:0038.6
17:0096.6
16:00221.4
15:00333.8
14:00301
13:00142.5
12:00140.9
11:0081.5
10:0029.2
09:0024.1
08:0023.5
07:0024.3
06:0024.6
05:0026
04:0027.6
03:0031.1
02:0034.1
01:0038.3
Monday, 10/5
00:0046.6
23:0053
22:0063.8
21:0054.3
20:0046.9
19:0045
18:0050
17:00299.2
16:001,161.5above the limit
15:00623.5above the limit
14:001,361above the limit
13:001,557.8above the limit
12:00275.8
11:0052.3
10:0034.9
09:0022.8
08:0021.7
07:0021.9
06:0022.5
05:0023.8
04:0025.4
03:0026.8
02:0030
01:0032
Sunday, 10/4
00:0038.7
23:0042.6
22:0046.7
21:0042.6
20:0040.5
19:0041.1
18:0039.8
17:0067.4
16:0047.5
15:00143.8
14:00365.1above the limit
13:00962.9above the limit
12:00655.9above the limit
11:0036.7
10:0024.2
09:0020.5
08:0019.5
07:0020
06:0021.2
05:0021.9
04:0023.4
03:0024.5
02:0026.4
01:0030.6
Saturday, 10/3
00:0034.7
23:0037.6
22:0034.2
21:0030.8
20:0027.6
19:0025.6
18:0020.5
17:0034.1
16:00130.6
15:00199.9
14:00241.5
13:00641.1above the limit
12:00132.9
11:00177.6
10:0026.7
09:0026.1
08:0019.4
07:0018.9
06:0019.6
05:0020.6
04:0021.9
03:0024.4
02:0025.6
01:0027.7
Friday, 10/2
00:0030.5
23:0032
22:0037.3
21:0029.8
20:0027.1
19:0020.5
18:0018.6
17:0018.2
16:0042.8
15:00107.5
14:00326.4
13:00873.7above the limit
12:00627.5above the limit
11:00154.6
10:0021.7
09:0018.7
08:0018.4
07:0018
06:0019
05:0020.3
04:0021.2
03:0022.8
02:0023.1
01:0025.8
Thursday, 10/1
00:0028
23:0036.2
22:0036.8
21:0027.8
20:0025.8
19:0021.4
18:0018.8
17:0031
16:0051.3
15:0058.1
14:0089.4
13:00527.8above the limit
12:00209.8
11:0040.1
10:0018.8
09:0017.6
08:0017
07:0017
06:0017.4
05:0017.8
04:0018.3
03:0019.1
02:0019.9
01:0021.1
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 2 days above the limithighest 248 µg/m³, latest 81 µg/m³01002003009/99/169/239/30latest 81
day above the limittoo few readingslegal daily limit, 125 µg/m³no data from the station
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 2 days above the limit
Values as a table
Dayµg/m³Note
Tue, 10/680.6provisional
Mon, 10/5248above the limit · provisional
Sun, 10/4116.8provisional
Sat, 10/383.3provisional
Fri, 10/2106.5provisional
Thu, 10/157.8provisional
Wed, 9/3075.8provisional
Tue, 9/2946.7provisional
Mon, 9/28138.1above the limit · provisional
Sun, 9/27110.6provisional
Sat, 9/2619provisional
Fri, 9/2517.2provisional
Thu, 9/2461.8provisional
Wed, 9/2330provisional
Tue, 9/22too few readings
Mon, 9/21no data from the station
Sun, 9/20no data from the station
Sat, 9/19no data from the station
Fri, 9/18no data from the station
Thu, 9/17no data from the station
Wed, 9/16no data from the station
Tue, 9/15no data from the station
Mon, 9/14no data from the station
Sun, 9/13no data from the station
Sat, 9/12no data from the station
Fri, 9/11no data from the station
Thu, 9/10no data from the station
Wed, 9/9no data from the station
Tue, 9/8no data from the station
Mon, 9/7no data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³highest 315 µg/m³, latest 115 µg/m³0200400DecFebAprJunAugOcthighest 315latest 115
Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierlegal annual limit, 50 µg/m³month with days without data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³
Values as a table
Monthµg/m³a year earlierNote
October 2026 so far115.5too few readingsmeasured in 100 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026too few readings109.2measured in 30 % of hours · provisional · 20 days without data from the station
August 202689.9172.7measured in 97 % of hours · provisional
July 202692.1122.3measured in 94 % of hours · provisional
June 202691.175.5measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
May 202677.534.8measured in 94 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
April 202688.967.5measured in 79 % of hours · provisional · 4 days without data from the station
March 2026112.4104.3measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026133.5163.5measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
January 2026too few readings172.6measured in 11 % of hours · provisional · 27 days without data from the station
December 2025214.3measured in 100 % of hours · verified
November 2025314.9measured in 100 % of hours · verified

SO₂ by year

Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

Measure2026*20252023
Days above 125 µg/m³ (allowed 3)≥ 49 above the number allowed133 above the number allowed15 above the number allowed
Hours above 350 µg/m³ (allowed 24)≥ 173 above the number allowed761 above the number allowed0
Hours above 500 µg/m³, three hours in a row (alert threshold)≥ 32 above the number allowed366 above the number allowed0
Annual average, µg/m³ (legal limit 50)too few142.4 above the number allowed49.2
Highest daily average, µg/m³282March 11,200November 14189January 7
Highest hourly value, µg/m³1,795April 283,955November 5335January 7
Hours measured78 %95 %97 %
Days without any reading from the station53140

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

The FHMZ lists this station as “Kakanj, Općina”. According to its 2025 report (p. 11), the Municipality of Kakanj installed a new permanent monitoring station on the municipal building in December 2024. The figures for years before 2025 were measured before that.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

  • EU from 2030: daily 50 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2026 there were 191 such days.
  • WHO 2021: daily 40 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2026 there were 205 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

The worst days of 2026

DayAverageTimes the limit
Mar 1, 2026provisional2822.3 ×
Oct 5, 2026provisional2482.0 ×
Mar 25, 2026provisional2361.9 ×
Feb 8, 2026provisional2151.7 ×
Feb 10, 2026provisional2111.7 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 125 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Outages in the last 12 months

Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

Days without a reading: 66

8 outages, 1,583 hours in total in the last 12 months.

Timeline of outages from October 7, 2025 to today

FromToDuration
Sep 1, 2026 08:00Sep 22, 2026 09:0021 days
Jul 1, 2026 09:00Jul 2, 2026 09:0024 hours
Jun 9, 2026 05:00Jun 11, 2026 11:002 days
May 23, 2026 00:00May 24, 2026 08:0032 hours
Apr 10, 2026 04:00Apr 13, 2026 11:003 days
Apr 4, 2026 12:00Apr 7, 2026 09:003 days
Jan 1, 2026 00:00Jan 28, 2026 14:0028 days
Oct 1, 2025 17:00Oct 14, 2025 14:0013 days

Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

Who is responsible

Air quality in the Federation of BiH is monitored by three networks of stations: the federal, the cantonal and the municipal one (Air Protection Act, Official Gazette FBiH 72/24, Art. 12 to 16).

Federal Hydrometeorological Institute (FHMZ)
Runs the federal network, collects the data of all networks and publishes it. It issues a report every month and, every year by 31 July, the annual air quality report (Art. 14, 19 and 63).
Canton
Sets up the cantonal network and is responsible for the measures. When limit values are exceeded, it adopts an air quality plan. When warning or alert thresholds are at risk of being exceeded, it adopts a short-term intervention plan. When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, it informs the public (Art. 15, 22, 25, 27 and 61). In Zenica-Doboj Canton the Ministry of Physical Planning, Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection is responsible for environmental protection. The 2024 intervention plan was adopted by the Government of the canton.
Municipality
May run its own stations with the consent of the canton and must publish their results (Art. 16 and 17). Under the Zenica-Doboj Canton intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24, Art. 3), the mayor of the municipality or city declares readiness based on the report of the authorised expert institution, and warning and alert based on the decision of the operational headquarters.
Inspectorates
The inspectorates of the Federation, the canton and the municipality supervise the law and the measures, each within its remit (Art. 71).

What the law requires when a limit is exceeded

A limit value is not a recommendation. The deadline for meeting the limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter expired on 1 January 2021. Since then only the number of exceedances that the Pravilnik allows applies (Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, Annex X). The Air Protection Act adds that limit values, once met, must not be exceeded again (Art. 5(4)).

The law allows: for PM10 at most 35 days a year above 50 µg/m³, for sulphur dioxide at most 24 hours above 350 µg/m³ and at most 3 days above 125 µg/m³, for nitrogen dioxide at most 18 hours above 200 µg/m³ and no day with a daily average above 85 µg/m³ (Annex X).

When limits are exceeded, the canton adopts an air quality plan with measures that shorten the period of exceedance. The plan is published within eight days of adoption (Art. 8, 25, 26 and 63).

The alert thresholds are 500 µg/m³ for sulphur dioxide and 400 µg/m³ for nitrogen dioxide over three hours in a row, and 300 µg/m³ for PM10 and 280 µg/m³ for PM2.5 as a daily average (Pravilnik, Annex XIV, amended in Official Gazette FBiH 3/21). When such a situation threatens, the canton must have a short-term intervention plan. It can restrict traffic, construction work, the operation of plants and heating (Art. 27 and 28).

When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, the competent cantonal authorities inform the public through radio, television, newspapers and the internet: where, since when, how much was measured, what is expected and how to protect oneself (Art. 61 and 62).

In Zenica-Doboj Canton the procedure is set by the intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24) in three stages: readiness, warning and alert. An alert also requires a forecast of stable weather for the next 48 hours.

The canton also has an Action Plan for Air Quality Protection from 2020 (Official Gazette ZDK 9/20), adopted under the earlier law. We could not tell from the published decision how long it applies.

The limit values in BiH match the EU rules of 2008. Since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended much lower values, for PM10 45 µg/m³ a day and 15 µg/m³ a year. From 2030 the EU lowers the annual PM10 limit to 20 µg/m³ (Directive (EU) 2024/2881).

We checked the rules against the published texts on 7 October 2026.

Where the data comes from

Measured by Federal Hydrometeorological Institute. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

The limits are the legal limits of the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19 and 3/21, Annexes X and XIV). They match EU Directive 2008/50/EC. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

How we measure

Other stations in Kakanj

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