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Air at the Kakanj Centar (70A) station

Kakanj, Zenica-Doboj Canton · Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Network: Federal Hydrometeorological Institute · Station code: BA0070A

This year, up to yesterday (October 6)

at least

49 days

with a daily average of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal limit of 125 µg/m³.

3 days are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 46 days more than allowed

In 2025: 133 days above the limit, 3 allowed.

at least

173 hours

with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal hourly limit of 350 µg/m³.

24 hours are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 149 hours more than allowed

Worst day: March 1, 2026, SO₂ 282 µg/m³ as a daily average, 2.3 times the limit.

SO₂ was above the alert threshold of 500 µg/m³ for at least 32 hours, three or more hours in a row (on 10 days).

These are measured values only. Whether a warning or alert episode has been declared is decided and published by the competent authorities.

Also: at least 30 days above the legal daily limit for PM10 of 50 µg/m³ (too few readings to compare with the allowed number).

Daily average for 210 of 279 days · data for 2026 not yet finally verified · Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

All figures by year and month

Moderate

Air now · Measured at 18:00

Latest values

Latest value: 18:00

Readings
PollutantValueLevel
PM1026.3 µg/m³Fair
NO₂26.6 µg/m³Moderate
O₃45.5 µg/m³Good
SO₂27.8 µg/m³Fair

How the air is changing

Over the last seven days there was more PM10, NO₂, and SO₂ in the air than the week before.

  • PM10: average 33.7 µg/m³, week before 26.2 µg/m³
  • NO₂: average 28.8 µg/m³, week before 22.4 µg/m³
  • O₃: average 33.2 µg/m³, week before 33.7 µg/m³
  • SO₂: average 109.8 µg/m³, week before 60.5 µg/m³

There are not enough readings to compare with the month before.

  • PM10: too few readings to compare
  • NO₂: too few readings to compare
  • O₃: too few readings to compare
  • SO₂: too few readings to compare

Show

Sulphur dioxide SO₂

27.8

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 18:00

129.7

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

109.8

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 30 days

measured in 49 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 12 months

measured in 81 % of hours · 2 months with too few readings · provisional

Days in 2025: SO₂, daily average above 125 µg/m³

133 days above the limit. 14 days without any reading from the station.

1102031JanJan 1: 288 µg/m³, above the limitJan 2: 183 µg/m³, above the limitJan 4: 136 µg/m³, above the limitJan 5: 180 µg/m³, above the limitJan 11: 130 µg/m³, above the limitJan 15: 151 µg/m³, above the limitJan 16: 166 µg/m³, above the limitJan 17: 159 µg/m³, above the limitJan 20: 771 µg/m³, above the limitJan 21: 403 µg/m³, above the limitJan 22: 274 µg/m³, above the limitJan 23: 151 µg/m³, above the limitJan 25: 145 µg/m³, above the limitJan 31: 135 µg/m³, above the limitFebFeb 1: 155 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 2: 161 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 5: 157 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 6: 133 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 7: 320 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 8: 260 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 9: 217 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 10: 366 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 11: 239 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 12: 198 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 13: 167 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 20: 219 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 21: 335 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 22: 210 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 23: 187 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 25: 154 µg/m³, above the limitMarMar 4: 247 µg/m³, above the limitMar 5: 359 µg/m³, above the limitMar 6: 297 µg/m³, above the limitMar 7: 147 µg/m³, above the limitMar 8: 139 µg/m³, above the limitMar 19: 137 µg/m³, above the limitMar 20: 154 µg/m³, above the limitMar 21: 133 µg/m³, above the limitAprApr 23: 215 µg/m³, above the limitApr 29: 168 µg/m³, above the limitMayJunJun 1: 158 µg/m³, above the limitJun 22: 126 µg/m³, above the limitJun 23: 138 µg/m³, above the limitJun 25: 215 µg/m³, above the limitJulJul 6: no data from the stationJul 7: no data from the stationJul 18: 207 µg/m³, above the limitJul 19: 274 µg/m³, above the limitJul 20: 152 µg/m³, above the limitJul 21: 281 µg/m³, above the limitJul 24: 205 µg/m³, above the limitJul 25: 238 µg/m³, above the limitJul 26: 318 µg/m³, above the limitJul 27: 172 µg/m³, above the limitJul 28: 135 µg/m³, above the limitAugAug 1: 243 µg/m³, above the limitAug 2: 238 µg/m³, above the limitAug 8: 206 µg/m³, above the limitAug 9: 296 µg/m³, above the limitAug 10: 227 µg/m³, above the limitAug 12: 200 µg/m³, above the limitAug 13: 322 µg/m³, above the limitAug 14: 212 µg/m³, above the limitAug 15: 186 µg/m³, above the limitAug 16: 168 µg/m³, above the limitAug 17: 217 µg/m³, above the limitAug 19: 190 µg/m³, above the limitAug 20: 235 µg/m³, above the limitAug 21: 245 µg/m³, above the limitAug 23: 169 µg/m³, above the limitAug 24: 136 µg/m³, above the limitAug 25: 142 µg/m³, above the limitAug 26: 153 µg/m³, above the limitAug 27: 247 µg/m³, above the limitAug 28: 183 µg/m³, above the limitAug 29: 180 µg/m³, above the limitSepSep 2: 250 µg/m³, above the limitSep 3: 249 µg/m³, above the limitSep 8: 184 µg/m³, above the limitSep 13: 224 µg/m³, above the limitSep 16: 159 µg/m³, above the limitSep 19: 189 µg/m³, above the limitSep 20: 188 µg/m³, above the limitSep 21: 151 µg/m³, above the limitSep 22: 168 µg/m³, above the limitSep 24: 143 µg/m³, above the limitSep 30: 279 µg/m³, above the limitOctOct 2: no data from the stationOct 3: no data from the stationOct 4: no data from the stationOct 5: no data from the stationOct 6: no data from the stationOct 7: no data from the stationOct 8: no data from the stationOct 9: no data from the stationOct 10: no data from the stationOct 11: no data from the stationOct 12: no data from the stationOct 13: no data from the stationOct 15: 253 µg/m³, above the limitOct 16: 226 µg/m³, above the limitOct 20: 602 µg/m³, above the limitOct 21: 312 µg/m³, above the limitOct 25: 132 µg/m³, above the limitOct 27: 132 µg/m³, above the limitOct 28: 154 µg/m³, above the limitOct 29: 248 µg/m³, above the limitOct 30: 296 µg/m³, above the limitNovNov 1: 276 µg/m³, above the limitNov 2: 144 µg/m³, above the limitNov 5: 1,020 µg/m³, above the limitNov 6: 752 µg/m³, above the limitNov 7: 854 µg/m³, above the limitNov 8: 345 µg/m³, above the limitNov 9: 363 µg/m³, above the limitNov 11: 194 µg/m³, above the limitNov 12: 189 µg/m³, above the limitNov 13: 721 µg/m³, above the limitNov 14: 1,200 µg/m³, above the limitNov 15: 796 µg/m³, above the limitNov 16: 455 µg/m³, above the limitNov 19: 152 µg/m³, above the limitNov 20: 402 µg/m³, above the limitNov 24: 371 µg/m³, above the limitNov 25: 125 µg/m³, above the limitNov 30: 143 µg/m³, above the limitDecDec 1: 178 µg/m³, above the limitDec 3: 143 µg/m³, above the limitDec 4: 247 µg/m³, above the limitDec 9: 126 µg/m³, above the limitDec 10: 234 µg/m³, above the limitDec 11: 783 µg/m³, above the limitDec 12: 294 µg/m³, above the limitDec 13: 375 µg/m³, above the limitDec 14: 304 µg/m³, above the limitDec 15: 390 µg/m³, above the limitDec 16: 229 µg/m³, above the limitDec 17: 180 µg/m³, above the limitDec 18: 178 µg/m³, above the limitDec 20: 527 µg/m³, above the limitDec 21: 338 µg/m³, above the limitDec 23: 233 µg/m³, above the limitDec 24: 147 µg/m³, above the limitDec 27: 295 µg/m³, above the limitDec 28: 223 µg/m³, above the limitDec 29: 198 µg/m³, above the limitDec 30: 197 µg/m³, above the limit
  • above the limit
  • below the limit
  • too few readings for the day
  • no data from the station
Days above the limit with values (133)
  1. Jan 1 288
  2. Jan 2 183
  3. Jan 4 136
  4. Jan 5 180
  5. Jan 11 130
  6. Jan 15 151
  7. Jan 16 166
  8. Jan 17 159
  9. Jan 20 771
  10. Jan 21 403
  11. Jan 22 274
  12. Jan 23 151
  13. Jan 25 145
  14. Jan 31 135
  15. Feb 1 155
  16. Feb 2 161
  17. Feb 5 157
  18. Feb 6 133
  19. Feb 7 320
  20. Feb 8 260
  21. Feb 9 217
  22. Feb 10 366
  23. Feb 11 239
  24. Feb 12 198
  25. Feb 13 167
  26. Feb 20 219
  27. Feb 21 335
  28. Feb 22 210
  29. Feb 23 187
  30. Feb 25 154
  31. Mar 4 247
  32. Mar 5 359
  33. Mar 6 297
  34. Mar 7 147
  35. Mar 8 139
  36. Mar 19 137
  37. Mar 20 154
  38. Mar 21 133
  39. Apr 23 215
  40. Apr 29 168
  41. Jun 1 158
  42. Jun 22 126
  43. Jun 23 138
  44. Jun 25 215
  45. Jul 18 207
  46. Jul 19 274
  47. Jul 20 152
  48. Jul 21 281
  49. Jul 24 205
  50. Jul 25 238
  51. Jul 26 318
  52. Jul 27 172
  53. Jul 28 135
  54. Aug 1 243
  55. Aug 2 238
  56. Aug 8 206
  57. Aug 9 296
  58. Aug 10 227
  59. Aug 12 200
  60. Aug 13 322
  61. Aug 14 212
  62. Aug 15 186
  63. Aug 16 168
  64. Aug 17 217
  65. Aug 19 190
  66. Aug 20 235
  67. Aug 21 245
  68. Aug 23 169
  69. Aug 24 136
  70. Aug 25 142
  71. Aug 26 153
  72. Aug 27 247
  73. Aug 28 183
  74. Aug 29 180
  75. Sep 2 250
  76. Sep 3 249
  77. Sep 8 184
  78. Sep 13 224
  79. Sep 16 159
  80. Sep 19 189
  81. Sep 20 188
  82. Sep 21 151
  83. Sep 22 168
  84. Sep 24 143
  85. Sep 30 279
  86. Oct 15 253
  87. Oct 16 226
  88. Oct 20 602
  89. Oct 21 312
  90. Oct 25 132
  91. Oct 27 132
  92. Oct 28 154
  93. Oct 29 248
  94. Oct 30 296
  95. Nov 1 276
  96. Nov 2 144
  97. Nov 5 1,020
  98. Nov 6 752
  99. Nov 7 854
  100. Nov 8 345
  101. Nov 9 363
  102. Nov 11 194
  103. Nov 12 189
  104. Nov 13 721
  105. Nov 14 1,200
  106. Nov 15 796
  107. Nov 16 455
  108. Nov 19 152
  109. Nov 20 402
  110. Nov 24 371
  111. Nov 25 125
  112. Nov 30 143
  113. Dec 1 178
  114. Dec 3 143
  115. Dec 4 247
  116. Dec 9 126
  117. Dec 10 234
  118. Dec 11 783
  119. Dec 12 294
  120. Dec 13 375
  121. Dec 14 304
  122. Dec 15 390
  123. Dec 16 229
  124. Dec 17 180
  125. Dec 18 178
  126. Dec 20 527
  127. Dec 21 338
  128. Dec 23 233
  129. Dec 24 147
  130. Dec 27 295
  131. Dec 28 223
  132. Dec 29 198
  133. Dec 30 197

Values in µg/m³, limit 125 µg/m³.

Months of 2025

MonthDays above 125Hours above 350Highest dayNo readings
January14 above the number allowed837710
February16 above the number allowed423660
March8 above the number allowed313590
April2 above the number allowed152150
May010960
June4 above the number allowed302150
July9 above the number allowed463182
August21 above the number allowed863220
September11 above the number allowed612790
October9 above the number allowed5860212
November18 above the number allowed1841,2000
December21 above the number allowed1157830

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 14 hours above the limithighest 1,558 µg/m³, latest 28 µg/m³ (18:00)01,0002,000ThuFriSatSunMonTueWedlatest 28 (18:00)
measuredlegal hourly limit, 350 µg/m³measured above the limit
Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 14 hours above the limit
Values as a table
Hour toµg/m³Note
Wednesday, 10/7
18:0027.8
17:0052.5
16:00461.6above the limit
15:00753.2above the limit
14:00341
13:00683.1above the limit
12:0036.8
11:0030
10:0028.1
09:0028
08:0024.4
07:0023.2
06:0024
05:0024.8
04:0026.2
03:0028.9
02:0031.5
01:0036.9
Tuesday, 10/6
00:0039.4
23:0042.1
22:0052.4
21:0057.4
20:0054.6
19:0048.8
18:0038.6
17:0096.6
16:00221.4
15:00333.8
14:00301
13:00142.5
12:00140.9
11:0081.5
10:0029.2
09:0024.1
08:0023.5
07:0024.3
06:0024.6
05:0026
04:0027.6
03:0031.1
02:0034.1
01:0038.3
Monday, 10/5
00:0046.6
23:0053
22:0063.8
21:0054.3
20:0046.9
19:0045
18:0050
17:00299.2
16:001,161.5above the limit
15:00623.5above the limit
14:001,361above the limit
13:001,557.8above the limit
12:00275.8
11:0052.3
10:0034.9
09:0022.8
08:0021.7
07:0021.9
06:0022.5
05:0023.8
04:0025.4
03:0026.8
02:0030
01:0032
Sunday, 10/4
00:0038.7
23:0042.6
22:0046.7
21:0042.6
20:0040.5
19:0041.1
18:0039.8
17:0067.4
16:0047.5
15:00143.8
14:00365.1above the limit
13:00962.9above the limit
12:00655.9above the limit
11:0036.7
10:0024.2
09:0020.5
08:0019.5
07:0020
06:0021.2
05:0021.9
04:0023.4
03:0024.5
02:0026.4
01:0030.6
Saturday, 10/3
00:0034.7
23:0037.6
22:0034.2
21:0030.8
20:0027.6
19:0025.6
18:0020.5
17:0034.1
16:00130.6
15:00199.9
14:00241.5
13:00641.1above the limit
12:00132.9
11:00177.6
10:0026.7
09:0026.1
08:0019.4
07:0018.9
06:0019.6
05:0020.6
04:0021.9
03:0024.4
02:0025.6
01:0027.7
Friday, 10/2
00:0030.5
23:0032
22:0037.3
21:0029.8
20:0027.1
19:0020.5
18:0018.6
17:0018.2
16:0042.8
15:00107.5
14:00326.4
13:00873.7above the limit
12:00627.5above the limit
11:00154.6
10:0021.7
09:0018.7
08:0018.4
07:0018
06:0019
05:0020.3
04:0021.2
03:0022.8
02:0023.1
01:0025.8
Thursday, 10/1
00:0028
23:0036.2
22:0036.8
21:0027.8
20:0025.8
19:0021.4
18:0018.8
17:0031
16:0051.3
15:0058.1
14:0089.4
13:00527.8above the limit
12:00209.8
11:0040.1
10:0018.8
09:0017.6
08:0017
07:0017
06:0017.4
05:0017.8
04:0018.3
03:0019.1
02:0019.9
01:0021.1
Wednesday, 9/30
00:0024
23:0025.3
22:0030.7
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 2 days above the limithighest 248 µg/m³, latest 81 µg/m³01002003009/99/169/239/30latest 81
day above the limittoo few readingslegal daily limit, 125 µg/m³no data from the station
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³ · 2 days above the limit
Values as a table
Dayµg/m³Note
Tue, 10/680.6provisional
Mon, 10/5248above the limit · provisional
Sun, 10/4116.8provisional
Sat, 10/383.3provisional
Fri, 10/2106.5provisional
Thu, 10/157.8provisional
Wed, 9/3075.8provisional
Tue, 9/2946.7provisional
Mon, 9/28138.1above the limit · provisional
Sun, 9/27110.6provisional
Sat, 9/2619provisional
Fri, 9/2517.2provisional
Thu, 9/2461.8provisional
Wed, 9/2330provisional
Tue, 9/22too few readings
Mon, 9/21no data from the station
Sun, 9/20no data from the station
Sat, 9/19no data from the station
Fri, 9/18no data from the station
Thu, 9/17no data from the station
Wed, 9/16no data from the station
Tue, 9/15no data from the station
Mon, 9/14no data from the station
Sun, 9/13no data from the station
Sat, 9/12no data from the station
Fri, 9/11no data from the station
Thu, 9/10no data from the station
Wed, 9/9no data from the station
Tue, 9/8no data from the station
Mon, 9/7no data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³highest 315 µg/m³, latest 115 µg/m³0200400DecFebAprJunAugOcthighest 315latest 115
Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierlegal annual limit, 50 µg/m³month with days without data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³
Values as a table
Monthµg/m³a year earlierNote
October 2026 so far115.5too few readingsmeasured in 100 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026too few readings109.2measured in 30 % of hours · provisional · 20 days without data from the station
August 202689.9172.7measured in 97 % of hours · provisional
July 202692.1122.3measured in 94 % of hours · provisional
June 202691.175.5measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
May 202677.534.8measured in 94 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
April 202688.967.5measured in 79 % of hours · provisional · 4 days without data from the station
March 2026112.4104.3measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026133.5163.5measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
January 2026too few readings172.6measured in 11 % of hours · provisional · 27 days without data from the station
December 2025214.3measured in 100 % of hours · verified
November 2025314.9measured in 100 % of hours · verified

SO₂ by year

Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

Measure2026*20252023
Days above 125 µg/m³ (allowed 3)≥ 49 above the number allowed133 above the number allowed15 above the number allowed
Hours above 350 µg/m³ (allowed 24)≥ 173 above the number allowed761 above the number allowed0
Hours above 500 µg/m³, three hours in a row (alert threshold)≥ 32 above the number allowed366 above the number allowed0
Annual average, µg/m³ (legal limit 50)too few142.4 above the number allowed49.2
Highest daily average, µg/m³282March 11,200November 14189January 7
Highest hourly value, µg/m³1,795April 283,955November 5335January 7
Hours measured78 %95 %97 %
Days without any reading from the station53140

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

The FHMZ lists this station as “Kakanj, Općina”. According to its 2025 report (p. 11), the Municipality of Kakanj installed a new permanent monitoring station on the municipal building in December 2024. The figures for years before 2025 were measured before that.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

  • EU from 2030: daily 50 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2025 there were 284 such days.
  • WHO 2021: daily 40 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2025 there were 306 such days.
  • EU from 2030: annual average 20 µg/m³. Average in 2025: 142 µg/m³.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

The worst days of 2025

DayAverageTimes the limit
Nov 14, 20251,2009.6 ×
Nov 5, 20251,0208.2 ×
Nov 7, 20258546.8 ×
Nov 15, 20257966.4 ×
Dec 11, 20257836.3 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 125 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Outages in the last 12 months

Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

Days without a reading: 66

8 outages, 1,586 hours in total in the last 12 months.

Timeline of outages from October 7, 2025 to today

FromToDuration
Sep 1, 2026 08:00Sep 22, 2026 09:0021 days
Jul 1, 2026 09:00Jul 2, 2026 09:0024 hours
Jun 9, 2026 05:00Jun 11, 2026 11:002 days
May 23, 2026 00:00May 24, 2026 08:0032 hours
Apr 10, 2026 04:00Apr 13, 2026 11:003 days
Apr 4, 2026 12:00Apr 7, 2026 09:003 days
Jan 1, 2026 00:00Jan 28, 2026 14:0028 days
Oct 1, 2025 17:00Oct 14, 2025 14:0013 days

Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

Who is responsible

Air quality in the Federation of BiH is monitored by three networks of stations: the federal, the cantonal and the municipal one (Air Protection Act, Official Gazette FBiH 72/24, Art. 12 to 16).

Federal Hydrometeorological Institute (FHMZ)
Runs the federal network, collects the data of all networks and publishes it. It issues a report every month and, every year by 31 July, the annual air quality report (Art. 14, 19 and 63).
Canton
Sets up the cantonal network and is responsible for the measures. When limit values are exceeded, it adopts an air quality plan. When warning or alert thresholds are at risk of being exceeded, it adopts a short-term intervention plan. When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, it informs the public (Art. 15, 22, 25, 27 and 61). In Zenica-Doboj Canton the Ministry of Physical Planning, Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection is responsible for environmental protection. The 2024 intervention plan was adopted by the Government of the canton.
Municipality
May run its own stations with the consent of the canton and must publish their results (Art. 16 and 17). Under the Zenica-Doboj Canton intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24, Art. 3), the mayor of the municipality or city declares readiness based on the report of the authorised expert institution, and warning and alert based on the decision of the operational headquarters.
Inspectorates
The inspectorates of the Federation, the canton and the municipality supervise the law and the measures, each within its remit (Art. 71).

What the law requires when a limit is exceeded

A limit value is not a recommendation. The deadline for meeting the limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter expired on 1 January 2021. Since then only the number of exceedances that the Pravilnik allows applies (Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, Annex X). The Air Protection Act adds that limit values, once met, must not be exceeded again (Art. 5(4)).

The law allows: for PM10 at most 35 days a year above 50 µg/m³, for sulphur dioxide at most 24 hours above 350 µg/m³ and at most 3 days above 125 µg/m³, for nitrogen dioxide at most 18 hours above 200 µg/m³ and no day with a daily average above 85 µg/m³ (Annex X).

When limits are exceeded, the canton adopts an air quality plan with measures that shorten the period of exceedance. The plan is published within eight days of adoption (Art. 8, 25, 26 and 63).

The alert thresholds are 500 µg/m³ for sulphur dioxide and 400 µg/m³ for nitrogen dioxide over three hours in a row, and 300 µg/m³ for PM10 and 280 µg/m³ for PM2.5 as a daily average (Pravilnik, Annex XIV, amended in Official Gazette FBiH 3/21). When such a situation threatens, the canton must have a short-term intervention plan. It can restrict traffic, construction work, the operation of plants and heating (Art. 27 and 28).

When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, the competent cantonal authorities inform the public through radio, television, newspapers and the internet: where, since when, how much was measured, what is expected and how to protect oneself (Art. 61 and 62).

In Zenica-Doboj Canton the procedure is set by the intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24) in three stages: readiness, warning and alert. An alert also requires a forecast of stable weather for the next 48 hours.

The canton also has an Action Plan for Air Quality Protection from 2020 (Official Gazette ZDK 9/20), adopted under the earlier law. We could not tell from the published decision how long it applies.

The limit values in BiH match the EU rules of 2008. Since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended much lower values, for PM10 45 µg/m³ a day and 15 µg/m³ a year. From 2030 the EU lowers the annual PM10 limit to 20 µg/m³ (Directive (EU) 2024/2881).

We checked the rules against the published texts on 7 October 2026.

Where the data comes from

Measured by Federal Hydrometeorological Institute. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

The limits are the legal limits of the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19 and 3/21, Annexes X and XIV). They match EU Directive 2008/50/EC. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

How we measure

Other stations in Kakanj

samoEKO is a brand of samoLabs, Juelich.