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Air at the Kumanovo station

Kumanovo, North Macedonia

Network: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning · Station code: MK0036A

This year, up to yesterday (October 7)

28 days

with a daily average of particulate matter PM10 above the EU limit of 50 µg/m³.

35 days are allowed in the whole year.

In 2025: 65 days above the limit, 35 allowed.

Worst day: January 14, 2026, PM10 126 µg/m³ as a daily average, 2.5 times the limit.

Daily average for 273 of 280 days · data for 2026 not yet finally verified · Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

All figures by year and month

Moderate

Air now · Measured at 00:00

Latest values

Latest value: 00:00

Readings
PollutantValueLevel
PM1064.5 µg/m³Moderate
NO₂53.7 µg/m³Moderate
O₃2.1 µg/m³Good
SO₂2 µg/m³Good

How the air is changing

Over the last seven days there was more PM10, PM2.5, NO₂, and O₃ in the air than the week before.

  • PM10: average 23.4 µg/m³, week before 13.7 µg/m³
  • PM2.5: average 14.3 µg/m³, week before 9.2 µg/m³
  • NO₂: average 30.7 µg/m³, week before 23.1 µg/m³
  • O₃: average 30.3 µg/m³, week before 21.8 µg/m³
  • SO₂: average 0.9 µg/m³, week before 1.1 µg/m³

Last month there was more NO₂ and less PM10, PM2.5, and O₃ in the air than the month before.

  • PM10: average 17.2 µg/m³, month before 22.9 µg/m³
  • PM2.5: average 10.8 µg/m³, month before 12.5 µg/m³
  • NO₂: average 25.7 µg/m³, month before 22.3 µg/m³
  • O₃: average 32 µg/m³, month before 41.6 µg/m³
  • SO₂: average 1.2 µg/m³, month before 1.4 µg/m³

Show

Particulate matter PM10

64.5

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 00:00

38.3

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

23.4

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 99 % of hours · provisional

19.1

Last 30 daysµg/m³

measured in 99 % of hours · provisional

27.8

Last 12 monthsµg/m³

measured in 98 % of hours · provisional

Days in 2025: PM10, daily average above 50 µg/m³

65 days above the limit. 10 days without any reading from the station.

1102031JanJan 1: 135 µg/m³, above the limitJan 2: 119 µg/m³, above the limitJan 3: 97 µg/m³, above the limitJan 5: 82 µg/m³, above the limitJan 6: 116 µg/m³, above the limitJan 7: 112 µg/m³, above the limitJan 8: 80 µg/m³, above the limitJan 17: 53 µg/m³, above the limitJan 19: 55 µg/m³, above the limitJan 20: 73 µg/m³, above the limitJan 21: 92 µg/m³, above the limitJan 22: 83 µg/m³, above the limitJan 24: 65 µg/m³, above the limitJan 25: 62 µg/m³, above the limitJan 26: 57 µg/m³, above the limitJan 27: 82 µg/m³, above the limitJan 28: 86 µg/m³, above the limitJan 29: 81 µg/m³, above the limitJan 30: 75 µg/m³, above the limitJan 31: 81 µg/m³, above the limitFebFeb 1: 70 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 2: 94 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 3: 50 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 7: 70 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 8: 89 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 9: 82 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 10: 103 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 11: 96 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 12: 72 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 21: 56 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 22: 96 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 23: 66 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 24: 58 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 25: 63 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 26: 85 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 27: 86 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 28: 53 µg/m³, above the limitMarMar 5: 73 µg/m³, above the limitMar 6: 97 µg/m³, above the limitMar 7: 85 µg/m³, above the limitMar 8: 95 µg/m³, above the limitMar 9: 90 µg/m³, above the limitMar 10: 71 µg/m³, above the limitMar 11: 56 µg/m³, above the limitMar 21: 68 µg/m³, above the limitAprMayJunJun 14: no data from the stationJun 15: no data from the stationJun 21: no data from the stationJun 22: no data from the stationJun 23: no data from the stationJun 24: no data from the stationJulAugSepSep 29: no data from the stationSep 30: no data from the stationOctOct 1: no data from the stationOct 2: no data from the stationNovNov 1: 51 µg/m³, above the limitNov 13: 54 µg/m³, above the limitNov 14: 68 µg/m³, above the limitNov 15: 70 µg/m³, above the limitNov 16: 80 µg/m³, above the limitNov 19: 55 µg/m³, above the limitDecDec 1: 58 µg/m³, above the limitDec 2: 64 µg/m³, above the limitDec 3: 58 µg/m³, above the limitDec 10: 70 µg/m³, above the limitDec 11: 58 µg/m³, above the limitDec 15: 51 µg/m³, above the limitDec 16: 79 µg/m³, above the limitDec 17: 108 µg/m³, above the limitDec 18: 126 µg/m³, above the limitDec 19: 121 µg/m³, above the limitDec 20: 101 µg/m³, above the limitDec 21: 51 µg/m³, above the limitDec 24: 57 µg/m³, above the limitDec 29: 60 µg/m³, above the limit
  • above the limit
  • below the limit
  • too few readings for the day
  • no data from the station
Days above the limit with values (65)
  1. Jan 1 135
  2. Jan 2 119
  3. Jan 3 97
  4. Jan 5 82
  5. Jan 6 116
  6. Jan 7 112
  7. Jan 8 80
  8. Jan 17 53
  9. Jan 19 55
  10. Jan 20 73
  11. Jan 21 92
  12. Jan 22 83
  13. Jan 24 65
  14. Jan 25 62
  15. Jan 26 57
  16. Jan 27 82
  17. Jan 28 86
  18. Jan 29 81
  19. Jan 30 75
  20. Jan 31 81
  21. Feb 1 70
  22. Feb 2 94
  23. Feb 3 50
  24. Feb 7 70
  25. Feb 8 89
  26. Feb 9 82
  27. Feb 10 103
  28. Feb 11 96
  29. Feb 12 72
  30. Feb 21 56
  31. Feb 22 96
  32. Feb 23 66
  33. Feb 24 58
  34. Feb 25 63
  35. Feb 26 85
  36. Feb 27 86
  37. Feb 28 53
  38. Mar 5 73
  39. Mar 6 97
  40. Mar 7 85
  41. Mar 8 95
  42. Mar 9 90
  43. Mar 10 71
  44. Mar 11 56
  45. Mar 21 68
  46. Nov 1 51
  47. Nov 13 54
  48. Nov 14 68
  49. Nov 15 70
  50. Nov 16 80
  51. Nov 19 55
  52. Dec 1 58
  53. Dec 2 64
  54. Dec 3 58
  55. Dec 10 70
  56. Dec 11 58
  57. Dec 15 51
  58. Dec 16 79
  59. Dec 17 108
  60. Dec 18 126
  61. Dec 19 121
  62. Dec 20 101
  63. Dec 21 51
  64. Dec 24 57
  65. Dec 29 60

Values in µg/m³, limit 50 µg/m³.

Months of 2025

MonthDays above 50Highest dayNo readings
January20 above the number allowed1350
February17 above the number allowed1030
March8 above the number allowed970
April0460
May0280
June0396
July0460
August0340
September0362
October0482
November6 above the number allowed800
December14 above the number allowed1260

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

Last 7 days, every hour: PM10 in µg/m³highest 87 µg/m³, latest 65 µg/m³ (23:00)050100ThuFriSatSunMonTueWedlatest 65 (23:00)
measuredmodel estimate, not counted
Last 7 days, every hour: PM10 in µg/m³
Values as a table
Hour toµg/m³Note
Wednesday, 10/7
00:0021model estimate, not counted
23:0065.2
22:0068.9
21:0054.1
20:0050.3
19:0018.5
18:0014.5
17:0015
16:0014.4
15:0018
14:0020.7
13:0024.4
12:0034.8
11:0040.6
10:0044.8
09:0046
08:0043.8
07:0038.6
06:0040.7
05:0042
04:0047.8
03:0048.4
02:0050.4
01:0052.6
Tuesday, 10/6
00:0064.6
23:0069.5
22:0087
21:0081.8
20:0050
19:0033.1
18:0015.8
17:0013.8
16:0010.2
15:0012.1
14:0016.2
13:0022
12:0027.5
11:0027.9
10:0030.8
09:0034.6
08:0029.9
07:0025.9
06:0024.5
05:0029.7
04:0043.5
03:0039.2
02:0049.6
01:0059.8
Monday, 10/5
00:0065.1
23:0056.3
22:0040.8
21:0044.4
20:0047.7
19:0031
18:0014.1
17:0011.8
16:0010.9
15:0014.3
14:0017.3
13:0021.8
12:0024.7
11:0025.1
10:0024.8
09:0026.2
08:0022.3
07:0017.8
06:0020.7
05:0022.6
04:0026.7
03:0026.6
02:0036.9
01:0035.5
Sunday, 10/4
00:0041.5
23:0049
22:0038
21:0028.9
20:0024.7
19:0014.1
18:004.7
17:004.8
16:008.6
15:009.7
14:009.6
13:0010.7
12:0014.4
11:0016.3
10:0013.6
09:0016.6
08:0012.8
07:0012.5
06:0011.6
05:0017.2
04:0023.1
03:0024.4
02:0029.9
01:0037.1
Saturday, 10/3
00:0031.7
23:0014.5
22:0015
21:0017.4
20:0022.1
19:0015.2
18:0011
17:009.3
16:008.7
15:008.9
14:009
13:0010.2
12:0011.1
11:0014.9
10:0015.4
09:0010.3
08:0010.5
07:009.7
06:009.3
05:0010.1
04:0011.5
03:0013.6
02:0014
01:0015.2
Friday, 10/2
00:0018.6
23:0023.9
22:0024.4
21:0020
20:0020.8
19:0012.9
18:0012.4
17:0011
16:008.7
15:009
14:008.4
13:009.9
12:0011.5
11:0013.7
10:0012.6
09:0013.3
08:0013.4
07:0010.1
06:0010.1
05:0011
04:0010.9
03:0013.9
02:0014.9
01:0012.8
Thursday, 10/1
00:0016.9
23:0013.1
22:0019.5
21:0024.9
20:0017.7
19:0012.5
18:008.3
17:007.6
16:008
15:006.1
14:006.4
13:008.7
12:009.5
11:0013
10:0013.3
09:0011.5
08:0011.2
07:009.5
06:0011.1
05:0011.3
04:0011.5
03:0017.8
Last 30 days, daily average: PM10 in µg/m³highest 39 µg/m³, latest 39 µg/m³02040609/109/179/2410/1highest 39
EU daily limit, 50 µg/m³
Last 30 days, daily average: PM10 in µg/m³
Values as a table
Dayµg/m³Note
Wed, 10/738.9provisional
Tue, 10/637.5provisional
Mon, 10/528.6provisional
Sun, 10/419.7provisional
Sat, 10/313.3provisional
Fri, 10/213.7provisional
Thu, 10/112.6provisional
Wed, 9/3014.5provisional
Tue, 9/2917.4provisional
Mon, 9/2810.5provisional
Sun, 9/276.4provisional
Sat, 9/2610.7provisional
Fri, 9/2518.6provisional
Thu, 9/2417.3provisional
Wed, 9/2311.4provisional
Tue, 9/2212.7provisional
Mon, 9/2121.3provisional
Sun, 9/2019.8provisional
Sat, 9/1922.3provisional
Fri, 9/1822.9provisional
Thu, 9/1720.2provisional
Wed, 9/1615.6provisional
Tue, 9/1512.8provisional
Mon, 9/1412.3provisional
Sun, 9/1310.3provisional
Sat, 9/1217.8provisional
Fri, 9/1128.7provisional
Thu, 9/1032.1provisional
Wed, 9/932.8provisional
Tue, 9/820.3provisional
Last 12 months, monthly average: PM10 in µg/m³highest 54 µg/m³, latest 23 µg/m³0255075DecFebAprJunAugOcthighest 54latest 23
Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierEU annual limit, 40 µg/m³month with days without data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: PM10 in µg/m³
Values as a table
Monthµg/m³a year earlierNote
October 2026 so far23.4too few readingsmeasured in 99 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 202617.221.1measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
August 202622.922.1measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
July 202615.628measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
June 202612.3too few readingsmeasured in 91 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
May 202613.718.5measured in 92 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
April 202617.622.7measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
March 202636.543.6measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 202637.959.7measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
January 202654.565.3measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 202548.548.3measured in 99 % of hours · verified
November 202530.253.4measured in 99 % of hours · verified

PM10 by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure2026*20252024
Days above 50 µg/m³ (allowed 35)2865 above the number allowed≥ 29²
Annual average, µg/m³ (EU limit 40)25.5*34.4too few
Highest daily average, µg/m³126January 14135January 1146December 31
Highest hourly value, µg/m³222January 20258March 8379December 17
Hours measured98 %95 %23 %
Days without any reading from the station2100

* 2026 up to October 7; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

² Too few readings to compare with the number allowed: the figure covers only what was measured.

Unverified hourly values of particulate matter from 975 µg/m³ up, and single spikes from 500 µg/m³ up between low values, count as missing. In the verified data for BiH from 2023 to 2025 no hour was above 600 µg/m³.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

  • EU from 2030: daily 45 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2025 there were 74 such days.
  • WHO 2021: daily 45 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2025 there were 74 such days.
  • EU from 2030: annual average 20 µg/m³. Average in 2025: 34 µg/m³.
  • WHO 2021: annual average 15 µg/m³. Average in 2025: 34 µg/m³.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

The worst days of 2025

DayAverageTimes the limit
Jan 1, 20251352.7 ×
Dec 18, 20251262.5 ×
Dec 19, 20251212.4 ×
Jan 2, 20251192.4 ×
Jan 6, 20251162.3 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 50 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Outages in the last 12 months

Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

Days without a reading: 6

4 outages, 151 hours in total in the last 12 months.

Timeline of outages from October 8, 2025 to today

FromToDuration
Jun 27, 2026 19:00Jun 29, 2026 12:0041 hours
Jun 9, 2026 16:00Jun 10, 2026 16:0024 hours
May 24, 2026 06:00May 26, 2026 16:002 days
Oct 28, 2025 10:00Oct 29, 2025 14:0028 hours

Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

Where the data comes from

Measured by Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

The EU limits come from Directive 2008/50/EC. Here they serve as a yardstick for comparison. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

How we measure

samoEKO is a brand of samoLabs, Juelich.