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Air at the Kakanj - Doboj station

Kakanj, Zenica-Doboj Canton · Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Network: Federal Hydrometeorological Institute · Station code: BA0052A

In 2024, the last complete year with data in the archive

at least

26 days

with a daily average of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal limit of 125 µg/m³.

3 days are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 23 days more than allowed

at least

208 hours

with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal hourly limit of 350 µg/m³.

24 hours are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 184 hours more than allowed

Worst day: December 28, 2024, SO₂ 522 µg/m³ as a daily average, 4.2 times the limit.

SO₂ was above the alert threshold of 500 µg/m³ for at least 54 hours, three or more hours in a row (on 10 days).

1 day with a daily average of PM10 above 150 µg/m³, the warning threshold in the Federation of BiH.

These are measured values only. Whether a warning or alert episode has been declared is decided and published by the competent authorities.

Also: 55 days above the legal daily limit for PM10 of 50 µg/m³ (35 allowed).

Also: at least 31 days with an 8-hour average of ozone (O₃) above the target value of 120 µg/m³.

Also: 3 hours above the legal hourly limit for NO₂ of 200 µg/m³ (18 allowed).

Daily average for 312 of 366 days · Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

All figures by year and month

According to the EEA, this station stopped operating on January 1, 2025, but data under its code kept arriving after that. We do not count that data, neither here nor in the air statistics. According to the FHMZ report for 2025 (p. 5), the mobile station Kakanj-Doboj stopped operating in Kakanj at the start of 2025 and has since been used for occasional measurements elsewhere in Zenica-Doboj Canton.

This station is out of service

According to the EEA, this station is no longer in operation. That is why we do not count it as an outage.

Last reading: February 10, 2026 at 12:00

How the air is changing

There are not enough readings to compare with the week before.

  • PM10: too few readings to compare
  • NO₂: too few readings to compare
  • O₃: too few readings to compare
  • SO₂: too few readings to compare

There are not enough readings to compare with the month before.

  • PM10: too few readings to compare
  • NO₂: too few readings to compare
  • O₃: too few readings to compare
  • SO₂: too few readings to compare

Show

Sulphur dioxide SO₂

no measurement

Now

too few readings

Last 24 hours

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 7 days

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 30 days

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 12 months

measured in 0 % of hours

Days in 2023: SO₂, daily average above 125 µg/m³

11 days above the limit.

1102031JanJan 2: 135 µg/m³, above the limitJan 3: 154 µg/m³, above the limitJan 5: 157 µg/m³, above the limitJan 6: 167 µg/m³, above the limitJan 7: 182 µg/m³, above the limitJan 8: 143 µg/m³, above the limitFebFeb 12: 130 µg/m³, above the limitMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecDec 10: 125 µg/m³, above the limitDec 12: 135 µg/m³, above the limitDec 18: 127 µg/m³, above the limitDec 20: 147 µg/m³, above the limit
  • above the limit
  • below the limit
  • too few readings for the day
  • no SO₂ data in the EEA database
Days above the limit with values (11)
  1. Jan 2 135
  2. Jan 3 154
  3. Jan 5 157
  4. Jan 6 167
  5. Jan 7 182
  6. Jan 8 143
  7. Feb 12 130
  8. Dec 10 125
  9. Dec 12 135
  10. Dec 18 127
  11. Dec 20 147

Values in µg/m³, limit 125 µg/m³.

Months of 2023

MonthDays above 125Hours above 350Highest dayNo readings
January6 above the number allowed01820
February1 above the number allowed01300
March00710
April00620
May00410
June00600
July00740
August00520
September00320
October00970
November00940
December4 above the number allowed01470

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

There are no readings for this period.

Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³There are no readings for this period.00.519/99/169/239/30
no data from the station
Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³
Values as a table
Dayµg/m³Note
Tue, 10/6no data from the station
Mon, 10/5no data from the station
Sun, 10/4no data from the station
Sat, 10/3no data from the station
Fri, 10/2no data from the station
Thu, 10/1no data from the station
Wed, 9/30no data from the station
Tue, 9/29no data from the station
Mon, 9/28no data from the station
Sun, 9/27no data from the station
Sat, 9/26no data from the station
Fri, 9/25no data from the station
Thu, 9/24no data from the station
Wed, 9/23no data from the station
Tue, 9/22no data from the station
Mon, 9/21no data from the station
Sun, 9/20no data from the station
Sat, 9/19no data from the station
Fri, 9/18no data from the station
Thu, 9/17no data from the station
Wed, 9/16no data from the station
Tue, 9/15no data from the station
Mon, 9/14no data from the station
Sun, 9/13no data from the station
Sat, 9/12no data from the station
Fri, 9/11no data from the station
Thu, 9/10no data from the station
Wed, 9/9no data from the station
Tue, 9/8no data from the station
Mon, 9/7no data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³There are no readings for this period.050100150DecFebAprJunAugOct
Last 12 monthsa year earlierlegal annual limit, 50 µg/m³month with days without data from the station
Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³
Values as a table
Monthµg/m³a year earlierNote
October 2026 so fartoo few readings6 days without data from the station
September 2026too few readings30 days without data from the station
August 2026too few readings31 days without data from the station
July 2026too few readings31 days without data from the station
June 2026too few readings30 days without data from the station
May 2026too few readings31 days without data from the station
April 2026too few readings30 days without data from the station
March 2026too few readings31 days without data from the station
February 2026too few readings28 days without data from the station
January 2026too few readings31 days without data from the station
December 2025too few readings6931 days without data from the station
November 2025too few readings100.530 days without data from the station

SO₂ by year

Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

Measure20242023
Days above 125 µg/m³ (allowed 3)≥ 26 above the number allowed≥ 11 above the number allowed
Hours above 350 µg/m³ (allowed 24)≥ 208 above the number allowed0²
Hours above 500 µg/m³, three hours in a row (alert threshold)≥ 54 above the number allowed0
Annual average, µg/m³ (legal limit 50)too fewtoo few
Highest daily average, µg/m³522December 28182January 7
Highest hourly value, µg/m³1,335December 28321January 7
Hours measured83 %88 %
Days without any reading from the station250

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

² Too few readings to compare with the number allowed: the figure covers only what was measured.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

  • EU from 2030: daily 50 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2023 there were 108 such days.
  • WHO 2021: daily 40 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2023 there were 153 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

The worst days of 2023

DayAverageTimes the limit
Jan 7, 20231821.5 ×
Jan 6, 20231671.3 ×
Jan 5, 20231571.3 ×
Jan 3, 20231541.2 ×
Dec 20, 20231471.2 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 125 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Outages in the last 12 months

Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

Timeline of outages from October 7, 2025 to today

Grey: for 2025 the archive has no hour from this station, because the EEA's verified annual delivery does not include it. We do not count this as an outage.

According to the EEA, the station is no longer in operation. We do not count the time after the last reading as an outage.

Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

Who is responsible

Air quality in the Federation of BiH is monitored by three networks of stations: the federal, the cantonal and the municipal one (Air Protection Act, Official Gazette FBiH 72/24, Art. 12 to 16).

Federal Hydrometeorological Institute (FHMZ)
Runs the federal network, collects the data of all networks and publishes it. It issues a report every month and, every year by 31 July, the annual air quality report (Art. 14, 19 and 63).
Canton
Sets up the cantonal network and is responsible for the measures. When limit values are exceeded, it adopts an air quality plan. When warning or alert thresholds are at risk of being exceeded, it adopts a short-term intervention plan. When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, it informs the public (Art. 15, 22, 25, 27 and 61). In Zenica-Doboj Canton the Ministry of Physical Planning, Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection is responsible for environmental protection. The 2024 intervention plan was adopted by the Government of the canton.
Municipality
May run its own stations with the consent of the canton and must publish their results (Art. 16 and 17). Under the Zenica-Doboj Canton intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24, Art. 3), the mayor of the municipality or city declares readiness based on the report of the authorised expert institution, and warning and alert based on the decision of the operational headquarters.
Inspectorates
The inspectorates of the Federation, the canton and the municipality supervise the law and the measures, each within its remit (Art. 71).

What the law requires when a limit is exceeded

A limit value is not a recommendation. The deadline for meeting the limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter expired on 1 January 2021. Since then only the number of exceedances that the Pravilnik allows applies (Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, Annex X). The Air Protection Act adds that limit values, once met, must not be exceeded again (Art. 5(4)).

The law allows: for PM10 at most 35 days a year above 50 µg/m³, for sulphur dioxide at most 24 hours above 350 µg/m³ and at most 3 days above 125 µg/m³, for nitrogen dioxide at most 18 hours above 200 µg/m³ and no day with a daily average above 85 µg/m³ (Annex X).

When limits are exceeded, the canton adopts an air quality plan with measures that shorten the period of exceedance. The plan is published within eight days of adoption (Art. 8, 25, 26 and 63).

The alert thresholds are 500 µg/m³ for sulphur dioxide and 400 µg/m³ for nitrogen dioxide over three hours in a row, and 300 µg/m³ for PM10 and 280 µg/m³ for PM2.5 as a daily average (Pravilnik, Annex XIV, amended in Official Gazette FBiH 3/21). When such a situation threatens, the canton must have a short-term intervention plan. It can restrict traffic, construction work, the operation of plants and heating (Art. 27 and 28).

When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, the competent cantonal authorities inform the public through radio, television, newspapers and the internet: where, since when, how much was measured, what is expected and how to protect oneself (Art. 61 and 62).

In Zenica-Doboj Canton the procedure is set by the intervention plan (Official Gazette ZDK 3/24) in three stages: readiness, warning and alert. An alert also requires a forecast of stable weather for the next 48 hours.

The canton also has an Action Plan for Air Quality Protection from 2020 (Official Gazette ZDK 9/20), adopted under the earlier law. We could not tell from the published decision how long it applies.

The limit values in BiH match the EU rules of 2008. Since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended much lower values, for PM10 45 µg/m³ a day and 15 µg/m³ a year. From 2030 the EU lowers the annual PM10 limit to 20 µg/m³ (Directive (EU) 2024/2881).

We checked the rules against the published texts on 7 October 2026.

Where the data comes from

Measured by Federal Hydrometeorological Institute. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

The limits are the legal limits of the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19 and 3/21, Annexes X and XIV). They match EU Directive 2008/50/EC. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

How we measure

Other stations in Kakanj

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