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Air at the Sarajevo - Ilijas station

Ilijaš, Sarajevo Canton · Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Network: Federal Hydrometeorological Institute · Station code: BA0050A

This year, up to yesterday (October 6)

at least

48 days

with a daily average of particulate matter PM10 above the legal limit of 50 µg/m³.

35 days are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 13 days more than allowed

In 2025: 86 days above the limit, 35 allowed.

at least

4 days

with a daily average of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) above the legal limit of 125 µg/m³.

3 days are allowed in the whole year.

The number allowed for the whole year has been exceeded.

at least 1 day more than allowed

Worst day: January 23, 2026, PM10 293 µg/m³ as a daily average, 5.9 times the limit.

SO₂ was above the alert threshold of 500 µg/m³ for at least 6 hours, three or more hours in a row (on 2 days).

At least 8 days with a daily average of PM10 above 150 µg/m³, the warning threshold in the Federation of BiH.

These are measured values only. Whether a warning or alert episode has been declared is decided and published by the competent authorities.

Also: at least 24 hours above the legal hourly limit for SO₂ of 350 µg/m³ (too few readings to compare with the allowed number).

Daily average for 225 of 279 days · data for 2026 not yet finally verified · Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

All figures by year and month

Moderate

Air now · Measured at 21:00

Latest values

Latest value: 21:00

Readings
PollutantValueLevel
PM1037.9 µg/m³Fair
NO₂50.2 µg/m³Moderate
SO₂3.9 µg/m³Good

How the air is changing

Over the last seven days there was more PM10 and NO₂ and less SO₂ in the air than the week before.

  • PM10: average 31 µg/m³, week before 27.7 µg/m³
  • NO₂: average 19.1 µg/m³, week before 14.9 µg/m³
  • SO₂: average 8.9 µg/m³, week before 24.2 µg/m³

There are not enough readings to compare with the month before.

  • PM10: too few readings to compare
  • NO₂: too few readings to compare
  • SO₂: too few readings to compare

Show

Particulate matter PM10

37.9

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 21:00

31.1

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

31

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 91 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 30 days

measured in 47 % of hours · provisional

too few readings

Last 12 months

measured in 87 % of hours · 1 month with too few readings · provisional

Days in 2024: PM10, daily average above 50 µg/m³

115 days above the limit.

1102031JanJan 1: 69 µg/m³, above the limitJan 5: 86 µg/m³, above the limitJan 7: 51 µg/m³, above the limitJan 12: 58 µg/m³, above the limitJan 13: 65 µg/m³, above the limitJan 14: 99 µg/m³, above the limitJan 15: 111 µg/m³, above the limitJan 16: 59 µg/m³, above the limitJan 17: 139 µg/m³, above the limitJan 20: 55 µg/m³, above the limitJan 21: 156 µg/m³, above the limitJan 22: 231 µg/m³, above the limitJan 23: 264 µg/m³, above the limitJan 24: 182 µg/m³, above the limitJan 25: 232 µg/m³, above the limitJan 26: 124 µg/m³, above the limitJan 27: 118 µg/m³, above the limitJan 28: 57 µg/m³, above the limitJan 29: 118 µg/m³, above the limitJan 30: 148 µg/m³, above the limitJan 31: 162 µg/m³, above the limitFebFeb 1: 164 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 2: 147 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 3: 105 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 4: 115 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 5: 132 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 6: 73 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 7: 55 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 8: 54 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 14: 65 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 15: 69 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 16: 93 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 17: 74 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 18: 67 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 19: 66 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 20: 51 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 21: 57 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 22: 55 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 25: 55 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 26: 68 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 28: 56 µg/m³, above the limitFeb 29: 84 µg/m³, above the limitMarMar 1: 57 µg/m³, above the limitMar 5: 57 µg/m³, above the limitMar 6: 54 µg/m³, above the limitMar 14: 60 µg/m³, above the limitMar 15: 56 µg/m³, above the limitMar 20: 52 µg/m³, above the limitMar 22: 53 µg/m³, above the limitMar 26: 54 µg/m³, above the limitMar 27: 121 µg/m³, above the limitMar 31: 55 µg/m³, above the limitAprApr 1: 89 µg/m³, above the limitApr 12: 54 µg/m³, above the limitApr 16: 54 µg/m³, above the limitMayMay 21: 59 µg/m³, above the limitJunJun 20: 71 µg/m³, above the limitJun 21: 72 µg/m³, above the limitJun 22: 76 µg/m³, above the limitJulAugSepSep 8: 52 µg/m³, above the limitOctOct 3: 63 µg/m³, above the limitOct 16: 58 µg/m³, above the limitOct 17: 61 µg/m³, above the limitOct 18: 55 µg/m³, above the limitOct 19: 52 µg/m³, above the limitOct 21: 51 µg/m³, above the limitOct 23: 67 µg/m³, above the limitOct 24: 76 µg/m³, above the limitOct 25: 78 µg/m³, above the limitOct 26: 61 µg/m³, above the limitOct 27: 51 µg/m³, above the limitOct 28: 60 µg/m³, above the limitOct 29: 67 µg/m³, above the limitOct 30: 70 µg/m³, above the limitOct 31: 70 µg/m³, above the limitNovNov 1: 66 µg/m³, above the limitNov 2: 68 µg/m³, above the limitNov 3: 67 µg/m³, above the limitNov 4: 71 µg/m³, above the limitNov 5: 90 µg/m³, above the limitNov 6: 103 µg/m³, above the limitNov 7: 95 µg/m³, above the limitNov 8: 69 µg/m³, above the limitNov 9: 55 µg/m³, above the limitNov 10: 59 µg/m³, above the limitNov 11: 76 µg/m³, above the limitNov 12: 76 µg/m³, above the limitNov 13: 77 µg/m³, above the limitNov 14: 75 µg/m³, above the limitNov 16: 65 µg/m³, above the limitNov 17: 104 µg/m³, above the limitNov 18: 156 µg/m³, above the limitNov 19: 146 µg/m³, above the limitNov 21: 68 µg/m³, above the limitNov 23: 57 µg/m³, above the limitNov 24: 102 µg/m³, above the limitNov 25: 153 µg/m³, above the limitNov 26: 194 µg/m³, above the limitNov 27: 185 µg/m³, above the limitNov 28: 168 µg/m³, above the limitDecDec 6: 75 µg/m³, above the limitDec 8: 59 µg/m³, above the limitDec 9: 65 µg/m³, above the limitDec 14: 86 µg/m³, above the limitDec 15: 65 µg/m³, above the limitDec 16: 116 µg/m³, above the limitDec 17: 152 µg/m³, above the limitDec 18: 139 µg/m³, above the limitDec 19: 129 µg/m³, above the limitDec 20: 59 µg/m³, above the limitDec 22: 62 µg/m³, above the limitDec 27: 89 µg/m³, above the limitDec 28: 99 µg/m³, above the limitDec 30: 126 µg/m³, above the limitDec 31: 136 µg/m³, above the limit
  • above the limit
  • below the limit
  • too few readings for the day
  • no PM10 data in the EEA database
Days above the limit with values (115)
  1. Jan 1 69
  2. Jan 5 86
  3. Jan 7 51
  4. Jan 12 58
  5. Jan 13 65
  6. Jan 14 99
  7. Jan 15 111
  8. Jan 16 59
  9. Jan 17 139
  10. Jan 20 55
  11. Jan 21 156
  12. Jan 22 231
  13. Jan 23 264
  14. Jan 24 182
  15. Jan 25 232
  16. Jan 26 124
  17. Jan 27 118
  18. Jan 28 57
  19. Jan 29 118
  20. Jan 30 148
  21. Jan 31 162
  22. Feb 1 164
  23. Feb 2 147
  24. Feb 3 105
  25. Feb 4 115
  26. Feb 5 132
  27. Feb 6 73
  28. Feb 7 55
  29. Feb 8 54
  30. Feb 14 65
  31. Feb 15 69
  32. Feb 16 93
  33. Feb 17 74
  34. Feb 18 67
  35. Feb 19 66
  36. Feb 20 51
  37. Feb 21 57
  38. Feb 22 55
  39. Feb 25 55
  40. Feb 26 68
  41. Feb 28 56
  42. Feb 29 84
  43. Mar 1 57
  44. Mar 5 57
  45. Mar 6 54
  46. Mar 14 60
  47. Mar 15 56
  48. Mar 20 52
  49. Mar 22 53
  50. Mar 26 54
  51. Mar 27 121
  52. Mar 31 55
  53. Apr 1 89
  54. Apr 12 54
  55. Apr 16 54
  56. May 21 59
  57. Jun 20 71
  58. Jun 21 72
  59. Jun 22 76
  60. Sep 8 52
  61. Oct 3 63
  62. Oct 16 58
  63. Oct 17 61
  64. Oct 18 55
  65. Oct 19 52
  66. Oct 21 51
  67. Oct 23 67
  68. Oct 24 76
  69. Oct 25 78
  70. Oct 26 61
  71. Oct 27 51
  72. Oct 28 60
  73. Oct 29 67
  74. Oct 30 70
  75. Oct 31 70
  76. Nov 1 66
  77. Nov 2 68
  78. Nov 3 67
  79. Nov 4 71
  80. Nov 5 90
  81. Nov 6 103
  82. Nov 7 95
  83. Nov 8 69
  84. Nov 9 55
  85. Nov 10 59
  86. Nov 11 76
  87. Nov 12 76
  88. Nov 13 77
  89. Nov 14 75
  90. Nov 16 65
  91. Nov 17 104
  92. Nov 18 156
  93. Nov 19 146
  94. Nov 21 68
  95. Nov 23 57
  96. Nov 24 102
  97. Nov 25 153
  98. Nov 26 194
  99. Nov 27 185
  100. Nov 28 168
  101. Dec 6 75
  102. Dec 8 59
  103. Dec 9 65
  104. Dec 14 86
  105. Dec 15 65
  106. Dec 16 116
  107. Dec 17 152
  108. Dec 18 139
  109. Dec 19 129
  110. Dec 20 59
  111. Dec 22 62
  112. Dec 27 89
  113. Dec 28 99
  114. Dec 30 126
  115. Dec 31 136

Values in µg/m³, limit 50 µg/m³.

Months of 2024

MonthDays above 50Highest dayNo readings
January21 above the number allowed2640
February21 above the number allowed1640
March10 above the number allowed1210
April3 above the number allowed890
May1 above the number allowed590
June3 above the number allowed760
July0450
August0420
September1 above the number allowed520
October15 above the number allowed780
November25 above the number allowed1940
December15 above the number allowed1520

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

Last 7 days, every hour: PM10 in µg/m³highest 94 µg/m³, latest 38 µg/m³ (21:00)050100150ThuFriSatSunMonTueWedhighest 94latest 38 (21:00)
measuredmodel estimate, not counted
  • Not shown: 9 unverified hours with an implausible value (see the note under the yearly table).
    • Last 7 days, every hour: PM10 in µg/m³
    Values as a table
    Hour toµg/m³Note
    Wednesday, 10/7
    22:0091model estimate, not counted
    21:0037.9
    20:0023.2
    19:0039.1
    18:0024.1
    17:0014.9
    16:0021.1
    15:0018.1
    14:0026.4
    13:0033.5
    12:0035.9
    11:0034.8
    10:0046.9
    09:0043.2
    08:0034
    07:0028.3
    06:0027.7
    05:0029.3
    04:0023
    03:0030.3
    02:0035
    01:0035.7
    Tuesday, 10/6
    00:0042.8
    23:0044.5
    22:0060.1
    21:0069.1
    20:0064.1
    19:0033
    18:0025.6
    17:0013.9
    16:0020.7
    15:0023.3
    14:0023.8
    13:0051.6
    12:0033.7
    11:0034.6
    10:0035.6
    09:0031.5
    08:0034.3
    07:0024.3
    06:0028.1
    05:0033.1
    04:0050.1
    03:0055.5
    02:0050.7
    01:0059.4
    Monday, 10/5
    00:0044.6
    23:0083.9
    22:0075
    21:0070.2
    20:0066.9
    19:0036.4
    18:0015.2
    17:0015.3
    16:0019.4
    15:0021.4
    14:0015.6
    13:0023.1
    12:0025.4
    11:0040
    10:0033.8
    09:0022.2
    08:0019.3
    07:0014.2
    06:0014.8
    05:0017.3
    04:0015.4
    03:0018.7
    02:0023.1
    01:0028.3
    Sunday, 10/4
    00:0047.6
    23:0050.2
    22:0043.9
    21:0042.3
    18:0022.3
    17:0017.9
    16:0015.6
    15:0022
    14:0016
    13:0017.9
    12:0018.2
    11:0014.5
    10:0019.2
    09:0016.7
    08:0015.7
    07:0015.2
    06:0014.5
    05:0011.4
    04:0015.1
    03:0017.3
    02:0027.5
    01:0032.7
    Saturday, 10/3
    00:0038.5
    23:0044.3
    22:0046.1
    21:0054.4
    17:0019
    16:0014.4
    15:0015.3
    14:0018.3
    13:0021
    12:0020.3
    11:0023.3
    10:0027
    09:0026.3
    08:0018.9
    07:0026.3
    06:0024.1
    05:0025.4
    04:0030.5
    03:0035.2
    02:0030.9
    01:0033
    Friday, 10/2
    00:0034.8
    23:0049.9
    22:0035.9
    21:0027.5
    17:0022.1
    16:0018.3
    15:0019.7
    14:0021.9
    13:0023.9
    12:0024.4
    11:0024.9
    10:0037.1
    09:0021.9
    08:0019.4
    07:0011.8
    06:0015.9
    05:0020.6
    04:0016.7
    03:0036
    02:0042.6
    01:0032.1
    Thursday, 10/1
    00:0036
    23:0024
    22:0041.3
    21:0054.3
    17:0020.9
    16:0020.7
    15:0019.9
    14:0022.5
    12:0093.6
    11:0023.5
    10:0027.8
    09:0026.6
    08:0027.2
    07:0020.7
    06:0025.4
    05:0021.4
    04:0021.3
    03:0034.2
    02:0041.5
    01:0045.8
    Last 30 days, daily average: PM10 in µg/m³highest 40 µg/m³, latest 39 µg/m³02040609/99/169/239/30highest 40latest 39
    too few readingslegal daily limit, 50 µg/m³no data from the station
    Last 30 days, daily average: PM10 in µg/m³
    Values as a table
    Dayµg/m³Note
    Tue, 10/639.3provisional
    Mon, 10/531.6provisional
    Sun, 10/423.3provisional
    Sat, 10/328.2provisional
    Fri, 10/226.5provisional
    Thu, 10/132.4provisional
    Wed, 9/3034.9provisional
    Tue, 9/2934.2provisional
    Mon, 9/2825.7provisional
    Sun, 9/2723.6provisional
    Sat, 9/2624.3provisional
    Fri, 9/2520.4provisional
    Thu, 9/2440provisional
    Wed, 9/2326provisional
    Tue, 9/22too few readings
    Mon, 9/21no data from the station
    Sun, 9/20no data from the station
    Sat, 9/19no data from the station
    Fri, 9/18no data from the station
    Thu, 9/17no data from the station
    Wed, 9/16no data from the station
    Tue, 9/15no data from the station
    Mon, 9/14no data from the station
    Sun, 9/13no data from the station
    Sat, 9/12no data from the station
    Fri, 9/11no data from the station
    Thu, 9/10no data from the station
    Wed, 9/9no data from the station
    Tue, 9/8no data from the station
    Mon, 9/7no data from the station
    Last 12 months, monthly average: PM10 in µg/m³highest 110 µg/m³, latest 30 µg/m³050100150DecFebAprJunAugOcthighest 110latest 30
    Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierlegal annual limit, 40 µg/m³month with days without data from the station
    Last 12 months, monthly average: PM10 in µg/m³
    Values as a table
    Monthµg/m³a year earlierNote
    October 2026 so far30.422.2measured in 92 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
    September 2026too few readings25.1measured in 30 % of hours · provisional · 20 days without data from the station
    August 202627.722.1measured in 91 % of hours · provisional
    July 202625.9too few readingsmeasured in 94 % of hours · provisional
    June 202626.129.3measured in 83 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
    May 202623.2too few readingsmeasured in 94 % of hours · provisional
    April 202632.526.9measured in 79 % of hours · provisional · 4 days without data from the station
    March 202647.540.6measured in 97 % of hours · provisional
    February 202648.478.4measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
    January 2026109.698.6measured in 88 % of hours · provisional · 2 days without data from the station
    December 202566.766.7measured in 97 % of hours · verified
    November 202555.686.6measured in 100 % of hours · verified

    PM10 by year

    Yardstick: legal limits in the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19, 3/21)

    Measure2026*20252024
    Days above 50 µg/m³ (allowed 35)≥ 48 above the number allowed86 above the number allowed115 above the number allowed
    Days above 150 µg/m³ (warning threshold FBiH)≥ 8 above the number allowed7 above the number allowed13 above the number allowed
    Days above 300 µg/m³ (alert threshold FBiH)000
    Annual average, µg/m³ (legal limit 40)too few45 above the number allowed49 above the number allowed
    Highest daily average, µg/m³293January 23296January 21264January 23
    Highest hourly value, µg/m³366January 14368January 21403January 23
    Hours measured84 %92 %95 %
    Days without any reading from the station27220

    * 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

    The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

    ≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

    Unverified hourly values of particulate matter from 975 µg/m³ up, and single spikes from 500 µg/m³ up between low values, count as missing. In the verified data for BiH from 2023 to 2025 no hour was above 600 µg/m³.

    ■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

    There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

    The column for 2023 is shown on wider screens.

    Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

    This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

    • EU from 2030: daily 45 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2024 there were 129 such days.
    • WHO 2021: daily 45 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2024 there were 129 such days.
    • EU from 2030: annual average 20 µg/m³. Average in 2024: 49 µg/m³.
    • WHO 2021: annual average 15 µg/m³. Average in 2024: 49 µg/m³.

    Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

    The worst days of 2024

    DayAverageTimes the limit
    Jan 23, 20242645.3 ×
    Jan 25, 20242324.6 ×
    Jan 22, 20242314.6 ×
    Nov 26, 20241943.9 ×
    Nov 27, 20241853.7 ×

    Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 50 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

    Outages in the last 12 months

    Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

    Days without a reading: 36

    8 outages, 853 hours in total in the last 12 months.

    Timeline of outages from October 7, 2025 to today

    FromToDuration
    Sep 1, 2026 09:00Sep 22, 2026 09:0021 days
    Jul 1, 2026 09:00Jul 2, 2026 09:0024 hours
    Jun 9, 2026 05:00Jun 11, 2026 11:002 days
    May 23, 2026 01:00May 24, 2026 08:0031 hours
    Apr 10, 2026 04:00Apr 13, 2026 11:003 days
    Apr 4, 2026 12:00Apr 7, 2026 09:003 days
    Jan 26, 2026 15:00Jan 28, 2026 14:0047 hours
    Jan 9, 2026 14:00Jan 11, 2026 11:0045 hours

    Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

    Who is responsible

    Air quality in the Federation of BiH is monitored by three networks of stations: the federal, the cantonal and the municipal one (Air Protection Act, Official Gazette FBiH 72/24, Art. 12 to 16).

    Federal Hydrometeorological Institute (FHMZ)
    Runs the federal network, collects the data of all networks and publishes it. It issues a report every month and, every year by 31 July, the annual air quality report (Art. 14, 19 and 63).
    Canton
    Sets up the cantonal network and is responsible for the measures. When limit values are exceeded, it adopts an air quality plan. When warning or alert thresholds are at risk of being exceeded, it adopts a short-term intervention plan. When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, it informs the public (Art. 15, 22, 25, 27 and 61).
    Municipality
    May run its own stations with the consent of the canton and must publish their results (Art. 16 and 17).
    Inspectorates
    The inspectorates of the Federation, the canton and the municipality supervise the law and the measures, each within its remit (Art. 71).

    What the law requires when a limit is exceeded

    A limit value is not a recommendation. The deadline for meeting the limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter expired on 1 January 2021. Since then only the number of exceedances that the Pravilnik allows applies (Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, Annex X). The Air Protection Act adds that limit values, once met, must not be exceeded again (Art. 5(4)).

    The law allows: for PM10 at most 35 days a year above 50 µg/m³, for sulphur dioxide at most 24 hours above 350 µg/m³ and at most 3 days above 125 µg/m³, for nitrogen dioxide at most 18 hours above 200 µg/m³ and no day with a daily average above 85 µg/m³ (Annex X).

    When limits are exceeded, the canton adopts an air quality plan with measures that shorten the period of exceedance. The plan is published within eight days of adoption (Art. 8, 25, 26 and 63).

    The alert thresholds are 500 µg/m³ for sulphur dioxide and 400 µg/m³ for nitrogen dioxide over three hours in a row, and 300 µg/m³ for PM10 and 280 µg/m³ for PM2.5 as a daily average (Pravilnik, Annex XIV, amended in Official Gazette FBiH 3/21). When such a situation threatens, the canton must have a short-term intervention plan. It can restrict traffic, construction work, the operation of plants and heating (Art. 27 and 28).

    When the information threshold or a concentration dangerous to health is exceeded, the competent cantonal authorities inform the public through radio, television, newspapers and the internet: where, since when, how much was measured, what is expected and how to protect oneself (Art. 61 and 62).

    The limit values in BiH match the EU rules of 2008. Since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended much lower values, for PM10 45 µg/m³ a day and 15 µg/m³ a year. From 2030 the EU lowers the annual PM10 limit to 20 µg/m³ (Directive (EU) 2024/2881).

    We checked the rules against the published texts on 7 October 2026.

    Where the data comes from

    Measured by Federal Hydrometeorological Institute. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

    Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

    An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

    A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

    We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

    We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

    When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

    The limits are the legal limits of the Federation of BiH (Pravilnik, Official Gazette FBiH 1/12, 50/19 and 3/21, Annexes X and XIV). They match EU Directive 2008/50/EC. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

    How we measure

    samoEKO is a brand of samoLabs, Juelich.