Air at the Karpos station

Karpoš, North Macedonia

Network: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning · Station code: MK0048A

This year, up to yesterday (October 6)

at least

30 days

with an 8-hour average of ozone (O₃) above the target value of 120 µg/m³.

The target value allows 25 such days a year, averaged over three years.

In 2025: 17 days above the limit, the target value allows 25 as a three-year average.

29 days

with a daily average of particulate matter PM10 above the EU limit of 50 µg/m³.

35 days are allowed in the whole year.

Worst day: August 24, 2026, O₃ 159 µg/m³ as a daily average, 1.3 times the limit.

Daily average for 244 of 279 days · data for 2026 not yet finally verified · Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

All figures by year and month

Moderate

Air now · Measured at 17:00

Latest values

Latest value: 17:00

Readings
Pollutant	Value	Level
PM10	43.4 µg/m³	Fair
O₃	102.2 µg/m³	Moderate
SO₂	5.3 µg/m³	Good

How the air is changing

Over the last seven days there was more PM10 and PM2.5 in the air than the week before.

PM10: average 34 µg/m³, week before 21.8 µg/m³
PM2.5: average 17.1 µg/m³, week before 11.6 µg/m³
NO₂: too few readings to compare
O₃: average 36.4 µg/m³, week before 38.6 µg/m³
SO₂: average 3.5 µg/m³, week before 3.9 µg/m³

Last month there was less PM10 and O₃ in the air than the month before.

PM10: average 29.6 µg/m³, month before 41.6 µg/m³
PM2.5: average 14.7 µg/m³, month before 14.4 µg/m³
NO₂: too few readings to compare
O₃: average 55.2 µg/m³, month before 82.1 µg/m³
SO₂: average 4 µg/m³, month before 4 µg/m³

Show

Particulate matter PM10

43.4

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 17:00

50.4

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

29.7

Last 30 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

Last 12 monthsµg/m³

measured in 97 % of hours · provisional

Days in 2026: PM10, daily average above 50 µg/m³

29 days above the limit. 4 days without any reading from the station.

above the limit
below the limit
too few readings for the day
no data from the station

Days above the limit with values (29)

Jan 2 61
Jan 3 62
Jan 9 57
Jan 10 86
Jan 13 64
Jan 14 92
Jan 15 113
Jan 16 113
Jan 17 88
Jan 20 71
Jan 21 65
Jan 22 65
Jan 23 54
Jan 25 50
Jan 31 53
Feb 23 54
Feb 27 61
Feb 28 52
Mar 1 53
Mar 2 72
Mar 3 74
Mar 4 64
Mar 16 51
Aug 13 64
Aug 16 51
Aug 17 73
Aug 18 58
Aug 30 52
Sep 10 53

Values in µg/m³, limit 50 µg/m³.

Months of 2026

Month	Days above 50	Average	Highest day	No readings
January	15 above the number allowed	52	113	0
February	3 above the number allowed	32	61	0
March	5 above the number allowed	36	74	0
April	0	22	40	1
May	0	20	30	3
June	0	26	45	0
July	0	24	38	0
August	5 above the number allowed	42	73	0
September	1 above the number allowed	30	53	0
October up to yesterday	0	34	45	0

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

measuredmodel estimate, not counted

Last 7 days, every hour: PM10 in µg/m³

Values as a table

Hour to	µg/m³	Note
Wednesday, 10/7
17:00	44	model estimate, not counted
16:00	36.1
15:00	66
14:00	44.9
13:00	59
12:00	62.7
11:00	70
10:00	65.1
09:00	48.9
08:00	31.5
07:00	30.1
06:00	29
05:00	28.5
04:00	35.7
03:00	41.6
02:00	63.1
01:00	39.3
Tuesday, 10/6
00:00	51.4
23:00	59.4
22:00	86.4
21:00	81.6
20:00	52.5
19:00	26.5
18:00	24.7
17:00	31.8
16:00	25.7
15:00	67.5
14:00	47.2
13:00	51.9
12:00	54.8
11:00	54.2
10:00	59.6
09:00	50.1
08:00	30.6
07:00	27.4
06:00	31.4
05:00	29.4
04:00	31.3
03:00	40.3
02:00	38.7
01:00	35.8
Monday, 10/5
00:00	59.8
23:00	68.4
22:00	87.5
21:00	70.4
20:00	53.9
19:00	20.9
18:00	23
17:00	31.4
16:00	19.4
15:00	53.8
14:00	34.8
13:00	32
12:00	40.7
11:00	50.8
10:00	55
09:00	36
08:00	21.5
07:00	20.5
06:00	21.5
05:00	23.6
04:00	29.6
03:00	29
02:00	28.3
01:00	29.8
Sunday, 10/4
00:00	31.7
23:00	37.9
22:00	61.3
21:00	63.6
20:00	48.1
19:00	20.6
18:00	10.2
17:00	25.9
16:00	27
15:00	14.7
14:00	17.2
13:00	17.7
12:00	18.7
11:00	18.8
10:00	21.3
09:00	20.3
08:00	19.1
07:00	13.8
06:00	15.7
05:00	19.5
04:00	24.1
03:00	30.2
02:00	30.7
01:00	32.1
Saturday, 10/3
00:00	37.4
23:00	37.7
22:00	53.1
21:00	45.5
20:00	53.3
19:00	21.5
18:00	14.3
17:00	15.8
16:00	16.6
15:00	17.3
14:00	15.9
13:00	19.5
12:00	19.4
11:00	23.3
10:00	27.9
09:00	27.6
08:00	14.3
07:00	14.3
06:00	14.6
05:00	20.5
04:00	23.6
03:00	32.5
02:00	32.3
01:00	33.6
Friday, 10/2
00:00	36.5
23:00	42.1
22:00	50.4
21:00	57.7
20:00	52.2
19:00	26.5
18:00	34.2
17:00	48.6
16:00	15.9
15:00	80.7
14:00	60
13:00	14.6
12:00	79.4
11:00	32.1
10:00	28.1
09:00	24.1
08:00	15.8
07:00	11.8
06:00	11.9
05:00	14.2
04:00	19.4
03:00	22.8
02:00	32.2
01:00	28.1
Thursday, 10/1
00:00	30.7
23:00	33
22:00	58
21:00	67.3
20:00	50.6
19:00	19.2
18:00	10.5
17:00	26
16:00	12.4
15:00	70.1
14:00	66
13:00	19.1
12:00	33.4
11:00	29.2
10:00	47.4
09:00	31.3
08:00	14.7
07:00	12.4
06:00	13.1
05:00	14.2
04:00	23.9
03:00	27.7
02:00	27.1
01:00	28.8
Wednesday, 9/30
00:00	32.9
23:00	35.7
22:00	48.7
21:00	51.6
20:00	50.2

day above the limitEU daily limit, 50 µg/m³

Last 30 days, daily average: PM10 in µg/m³ · 1 day above the limit

Values as a table

Day	µg/m³	Note
Tue, 10/6	45.4	provisional
Mon, 10/5	39.2	provisional
Sun, 10/4	26.7	provisional
Sat, 10/3	26.3	provisional
Fri, 10/2	35	provisional
Thu, 10/1	31.9	provisional
Wed, 9/30	33.5	provisional
Tue, 9/29	21.4	provisional
Mon, 9/28	18	provisional
Sun, 9/27	11.1	provisional
Sat, 9/26	13.7	provisional
Fri, 9/25	29.8	provisional
Thu, 9/24	31.9	provisional
Wed, 9/23	26.5	provisional
Tue, 9/22	21.1	provisional
Mon, 9/21	26.8	provisional
Sun, 9/20	27.2	provisional
Sat, 9/19	28.9	provisional
Fri, 9/18	35.7	provisional
Thu, 9/17	33.1	provisional
Wed, 9/16	21.8	provisional
Tue, 9/15	19.8	provisional
Mon, 9/14	18.8	provisional
Sun, 9/13	12.8	provisional
Sat, 9/12	31.6	provisional
Fri, 9/11	46.3	provisional
Thu, 9/10	52.9	above the limit · provisional
Wed, 9/9	48.7	provisional
Tue, 9/8	39.6	provisional
Mon, 9/7	35.7	provisional

Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierEU annual limit, 40 µg/m³month with days without data from the station

Last 12 months, monthly average: PM10 in µg/m³

Values as a table

Month	µg/m³	a year earlier	Note
October 2026 so far	34.1	8.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026	29.6	20.2	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
August 2026	41.6	20.9	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
July 2026	24.3	22.3	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
June 2026	26	21.8	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
May 2026	20.3	16.4	measured in 89 % of hours · provisional · 3 days without data from the station
April 2026	22.4	17.5	measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
March 2026	36.3	31.5	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026	32.4	51.2	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
January 2026	51.6	59.3	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 2025	67.4	38.6	measured in 99 % of hours · verified
November 2025	27.5	46.3	measured in 100 % of hours · verified

PM10 by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure	2026*	2025	2024	2023
Days above 50 µg/m³ (allowed 35)	29	59 above the number allowed	67 above the number allowed	≥ 53 above the number allowed
Annual average, µg/m³ (EU limit 40)	31.9*	31.2	36	38.6¹
Highest daily average, µg/m³	113January 16	192December 19	157January 2	182December 30
Highest hourly value, µg/m³	294August 16	280July 22	465September 3	343December 29
Hours measured	98 %	99 %	97 %	89 %
Days without any reading from the station	4	2	2	0

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

¹ Fewer than 90 % of the hours were measured, so we do not compare this average with the limit.

Unverified hourly values of particulate matter from 975 µg/m³ up, and single spikes from 500 µg/m³ up between low values, count as missing. In the verified data for BiH from 2023 to 2025 no hour was above 600 µg/m³.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

The column for 2023 is shown on wider screens.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

This is not the yardstick for the verdict above, only a comparison. From 2030 the EU tightens its limits (Directive (EU) 2024/2881), and since 2021 the World Health Organization has recommended even lower values.

EU from 2030: daily 45 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2026 there were 46 such days.
WHO 2021: daily 45 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2026 there were 46 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

The worst days of 2026

Day	Average	Times the limit
Jan 16, 2026provisional	113	2.3 ×
Jan 15, 2026provisional	113	2.3 ×
Jan 14, 2026provisional	92	1.8 ×
Jan 17, 2026provisional	88	1.8 ×
Jan 10, 2026provisional	86	1.7 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 50 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Particulate matter PM2.5

no measurement

Now

too few readings

Last 24 hours

measured in 25 % of hours · provisional

17.1

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

15.2

Last 30 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

24.8

Last 12 monthsµg/m³

measured in 97 % of hours · provisional

Months of 2026

Month	Average	Highest day	No readings
January	51	107	0
February	29	44	0
March	27	56	0
April	13	24	1
May	10	19	3
June	10	14	0
July	11	16	0
August	14	24	0
September	15	28	0
October up to yesterday	17	26	0

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

measured

Last 7 days, every hour: PM2.5 in µg/m³

Values as a table

Hour to	µg/m³	Note
Tuesday, 10/6
00:00	30.1
23:00	38.6
22:00	42
21:00	29.7
20:00	21.3
19:00	14.3
18:00	11
17:00	10.7
16:00	12
15:00	18.1
14:00	21.5
13:00	29.8
12:00	34.2
11:00	30.2
10:00	30.1
09:00	27.9
08:00	25.1
07:00	23.3
06:00	25.7
05:00	24.8
04:00	26.3
03:00	28.3
02:00	30
01:00	27.8
Monday, 10/5
00:00	37.4
23:00	40.2
22:00	39.8
21:00	24.4
20:00	16.9
19:00	7.9
18:00	13.9
17:00	19.5
16:00	10.5
15:00	12.6
14:00	17.4
13:00	18.8
12:00	25.9
11:00	30.3
10:00	27.9
09:00	23.8
08:00	20.6
07:00	20
06:00	20.4
05:00	20.7
04:00	20.7
03:00	21.4
02:00	20.4
01:00	21.4
Sunday, 10/4
00:00	21.9
23:00	23.7
22:00	33.2
21:00	28.6
20:00	21.4
19:00	9.2
18:00	6
17:00	6.8
16:00	6.3
15:00	6.9
14:00	9.3
13:00	10.5
12:00	11.7
11:00	12
10:00	13.9
09:00	15.2
08:00	16.6
07:00	13.8
06:00	13.4
05:00	13.8
04:00	16.3
03:00	18.8
02:00	17.8
01:00	18.2
Saturday, 10/3
00:00	18.5
23:00	21
22:00	22.9
21:00	21.1
20:00	18.8
19:00	9.8
18:00	7.6
17:00	8.2
16:00	6.6
15:00	6
14:00	5.6
13:00	6.3
12:00	9.1
11:00	12.9
10:00	14.7
09:00	11.8
08:00	10.6
07:00	10.3
06:00	12.1
05:00	15
04:00	18.2
03:00	25.2
02:00	26.3
01:00	24.1
Friday, 10/2
00:00	18.3
23:00	14.2
22:00	13.3
21:00	12.7
20:00	10.1
19:00	6.3
18:00	7.1
17:00	8.4
16:00	6
15:00	9.2
14:00	8.3
13:00	5
12:00	12.8
11:00	13.2
10:00	13.5
09:00	12.4
08:00	11.2
07:00	8.9
06:00	10
05:00	11.8
04:00	14.8
03:00	15.4
02:00	20.5
01:00	17.5
Thursday, 10/1
00:00	18.5
23:00	18.9
22:00	18.2
21:00	15.9
20:00	12.9
19:00	6.2
18:00	3.9
17:00	5.1
16:00	4.3
15:00	8.6
14:00	8
13:00	8.5
12:00	13.1
11:00	14
10:00	16.5
09:00	13.6
08:00	10.6
07:00	10
06:00	10.7
05:00	13.1
04:00	17.4
03:00	18.7
02:00	18.1
01:00	19.5
Wednesday, 9/30
00:00	22
23:00	19.8
22:00	16.3
21:00	20.4
20:00	15.2

Last 30 days, daily average: PM2.5 in µg/m³

Values as a table

Day	µg/m³	Note
Tue, 10/6	25.5	provisional
Mon, 10/5	22.2	provisional
Sun, 10/4	15.2	provisional
Sat, 10/3	14.3	provisional
Fri, 10/2	11.7	provisional
Thu, 10/1	12.7	provisional
Wed, 9/30	18.1	provisional
Tue, 9/29	12	provisional
Mon, 9/28	9	provisional
Sun, 9/27	8.7	provisional
Sat, 9/26	12.6	provisional
Fri, 9/25	19.3	provisional
Thu, 9/24	12.8	provisional
Wed, 9/23	7.2	provisional
Tue, 9/22	5.7	provisional
Mon, 9/21	18.2	provisional
Sun, 9/20	17.9	provisional
Sat, 9/19	15.8	provisional
Fri, 9/18	18.4	provisional
Thu, 9/17	15.7	provisional
Wed, 9/16	10.8	provisional
Tue, 9/15	11.7	provisional
Mon, 9/14	11	provisional
Sun, 9/13	8.7	provisional
Sat, 9/12	15.8	provisional
Fri, 9/11	20.1	provisional
Thu, 9/10	28.2	provisional
Wed, 9/9	25.5	provisional
Tue, 9/8	19.7	provisional
Mon, 9/7	11.4	provisional

Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earlierEU annual limit, 25 µg/m³month with days without data from the station

Last 12 months, monthly average: PM2.5 in µg/m³

Values as a table

Month	µg/m³	a year earlier	Note
October 2026 so far	16.9	9.1	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026	14.7	12.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
August 2026	14.4	12.5	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
July 2026	10.6	10.5	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
June 2026	9.8	10.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
May 2026	10.3	9.8	measured in 89 % of hours · provisional · 3 days without data from the station
April 2026	13.5	12.2	measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
March 2026	27.5	24.9	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026	28.6	48.2	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
January 2026	50.9	63	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 2025	63.3	43.6	measured in 99 % of hours · verified
November 2025	29.6	47	measured in 100 % of hours · verified

PM2.5 by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure	2026*	2025	2024
Annual average, µg/m³ (EU limit 25)	20.1*	26.5 above the number allowed	too few
Highest daily average, µg/m³	107January 15	159December 19	108December 20
Highest hourly value, µg/m³	163January 15	224January 1	180December 31
Hours measured	98 %	98 %	73 %
Days without any reading from the station	4	2	2

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

EU from 2030: daily 25 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2026 there were 62 such days.
WHO 2021: daily 15 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2026 there were 119 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

Nitrogen dioxide NO₂

no measurement

Now

too few readings

Last 24 hours

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 7 days

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 30 days

measured in 0 % of hours

too few readings

Last 12 months

measured in 55 % of hours · provisional

Days in 2026: NO₂, at least one hour above 200 µg/m³

No measured day above the limit. 4 days without any reading from the station.

above the limit
below the limit
too few readings for the day
no NO₂ data in the EEA database
no data from the station

Months of 2026

Month	Days with an hour above 200	Hours above 200	Average	Highest day	No readings
January	0	0	28	44	0
February	0	0	24	39	0
March	0	0	26	38	0
April	0	0	19	28	1
May					3
June					0
July					0
August					0
September					0
October up to yesterday					0

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

There are no readings for this period.

Last 7 days, every hour: NO₂ in µg/m³

There are no readings for this period.

Last 30 days, daily average: NO₂ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Day	µg/m³	Note
Tue, 10/6		no measurement
Mon, 10/5		no measurement
Sun, 10/4		no measurement
Sat, 10/3		no measurement
Fri, 10/2		no measurement
Thu, 10/1		no measurement
Wed, 9/30		no measurement
Tue, 9/29		no measurement
Mon, 9/28		no measurement
Sun, 9/27		no measurement
Sat, 9/26		no measurement
Fri, 9/25		no measurement
Thu, 9/24		no measurement
Wed, 9/23		no measurement
Tue, 9/22		no measurement
Mon, 9/21		no measurement
Sun, 9/20		no measurement
Sat, 9/19		no measurement
Fri, 9/18		no measurement
Thu, 9/17		no measurement
Wed, 9/16		no measurement
Tue, 9/15		no measurement
Mon, 9/14		no measurement
Sun, 9/13		no measurement
Sat, 9/12		no measurement
Fri, 9/11		no measurement
Thu, 9/10		no measurement
Wed, 9/9		no measurement
Tue, 9/8		no measurement
Mon, 9/7		no measurement

Last 12 monthsa year earlierEU annual limit, 40 µg/m³month with days without data from the station

Last 12 months, monthly average: NO₂ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Month	µg/m³	a year earlier	Note
October 2026 so far	too few readings	19.9	year before: same days
September 2026	too few readings	24.1
August 2026	too few readings	19.6
July 2026	too few readings	15.6
June 2026	too few readings	15
May 2026	too few readings	18.2	3 days without data from the station
April 2026	19	15.7	measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
March 2026	26.3	32.6	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026	24.3	29.9	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
January 2026	28	29.2	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 2025	26.2	32.4	measured in 100 % of hours · verified
November 2025	22.3	37.3	measured in 100 % of hours · verified

NO₂ by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure	2026*	2025	2024	2023
Hours above 200 µg/m³ (allowed 18)	0²	0	0²	0²
Hours above 400 µg/m³, three hours in a row (alert threshold)	0	0	0	0
Annual average, µg/m³ (EU limit 40)	too few	22.5	too few	7¹
Highest daily average, µg/m³	44January 13	48March 7	54November 27	30February 17
Highest hourly value, µg/m³	83March 2	118December 19	102November 27	62April 3
Hours measured	42 %	98 %	74 %	88 %
Days without any reading from the station	4	2	2	0

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

¹ Fewer than 90 % of the hours were measured, so we do not compare this average with the limit.

² Too few readings to compare with the number allowed: the figure covers only what was measured.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

The column for 2023 is shown on wider screens.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

EU from 2030: daily 50 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2026 there were 0 such days.
WHO 2021: daily 25 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2026 there were 50 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

Ozone O₃

102.2

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 17:00

21.4

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

36.4

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

47.7

Last 30 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

39.7

Last 12 monthsµg/m³

measured in 90 % of hours · provisional

Days in 2026: O₃, 8-hour average above 120 µg/m³

30 days above the limit. 4 days without any reading from the station.

above the limit
below the limit
too few readings for the day
no O₃ data in the EEA database
no data from the station

Days above the limit with values (30)

Jun 9 121
Jun 27 123
Jul 18 130
Jul 19 126
Jul 20 130
Jul 29 125
Jul 30 121
Aug 4 124
Aug 5 131
Aug 6 127
Aug 7 124
Aug 8 125
Aug 9 122
Aug 10 127
Aug 11 132
Aug 12 130
Aug 13 132
Aug 14 124
Aug 17 131
Aug 18 128
Aug 19 125
Aug 20 128
Aug 21 124
Aug 22 122
Aug 24 159
Aug 25 125
Aug 27 123
Aug 28 122
Sep 2 134
Sep 5 125

Values in µg/m³, limit 120 µg/m³.

Months of 2026

Month	Days above 120	Average	Highest 8 h	No readings
January	0	12	41	0
February	0	too few	56	0
March	0	32	85	0
April	0	51	109	1
May	0	55	110	3
June	2 above the number allowed	69	123	0
July	5 above the number allowed	too few	130	0
August	21 above the number allowed	82	159	0
September	2 above the number allowed	55	134	0
October up to yesterday	0	36	87	0

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

measuredmodel estimate, not counted

Last 7 days, every hour: O₃ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Hour to	µg/m³	Note
Wednesday, 10/7
17:00	85	model estimate, not counted
16:00	97.6
15:00	84.5
14:00	52.2
13:00	35
12:00	17.7
11:00	16.3
10:00	8.9
09:00	5.6
08:00	6.8
07:00	13.6
06:00	15.4
05:00	12.1
04:00	6.3
03:00	4.4
02:00	4.6
01:00	7
Tuesday, 10/6
00:00	6.6
23:00	4.5
22:00	4.8
21:00	4.7
20:00	8.6
19:00	54.8
18:00	86.3
17:00	103.9
16:00	97.4
15:00	79.9
14:00	70.4
13:00	46.7
12:00	21.8
11:00	16.5
10:00	8.3
09:00	5.3
08:00	4.6
07:00	7.1
06:00	11.6
05:00	10.6
04:00	12.9
03:00	11.3
02:00	12.3
01:00	17.8
Monday, 10/5
00:00	6.4
23:00	4.6
22:00	5.3
21:00	9.7
20:00	14.9
19:00	61.3
18:00	92.7
17:00	108
16:00	87.5
15:00	77.3
14:00	45.3
13:00	35.4
12:00	18.4
11:00	8.1
10:00	6.9
09:00	5.1
08:00	5.6
07:00	13
06:00	14.3
05:00	13.1
04:00	10.6
03:00	7.6
02:00	11.5
01:00	12.9
Sunday, 10/4
00:00	21
23:00	24.1
22:00	8.1
21:00	6.6
20:00	10
19:00	54.2
18:00	86.9
17:00	92.4
16:00	92.1
15:00	92.2
14:00	81.9
13:00	68.6
12:00	51.4
11:00	34.9
10:00	21.6
09:00	15.5
08:00	14.3
07:00	17.3
06:00	18.6
05:00	16.8
04:00	11.7
03:00	6.9
02:00	6.8
01:00	5.8
Saturday, 10/3
00:00	7.7
23:00	15.3
22:00	15.5
21:00	13.3
20:00	29.1
19:00	70.6
18:00	97.2
17:00	98.1
16:00	94.5
15:00	92.7
14:00	89.1
13:00	82.4
12:00	74.6
11:00	51.3
10:00	36.9
09:00	31.9
08:00	35.7
07:00	34.1
06:00	31.6
05:00	26.7
04:00	19
03:00	7
02:00	12.8
01:00	16.4
Friday, 10/2
00:00	12.2
23:00	21.8
22:00	25.7
21:00	34.2
20:00	57.6
19:00	83.8
18:00	91
17:00	98.5
16:00	94.9
15:00	92.7
14:00	85.6
13:00	80.2
12:00	62.7
11:00	42.3
10:00	21.3
09:00	14.9
08:00	18.4
07:00	31.5
06:00	33.8
05:00	26.2
04:00	21
03:00	14.1
02:00	5
01:00	6.1
Thursday, 10/1
00:00	9.8
23:00	8.8
22:00	4.9
21:00	5.9
20:00	13.1
19:00	48.7
18:00	80.9
17:00	85
16:00	85.2
15:00	81.9
14:00	74.2
13:00	51.9
12:00	31.9
11:00	24.1
10:00	12.3
09:00	13.5
08:00	21.4
07:00	28.4
06:00	27.3
05:00	20.2
04:00	9.6
03:00	6.3
02:00	8.6
01:00	6.3
Wednesday, 9/30
00:00	5.1
23:00	5.7
22:00	5.2
21:00	10.6
20:00	25.9

target value, 120 µg/m³

Last 30 days, highest 8-hour average of the day: O₃ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Day	µg/m³	Note
Tue, 10/6	70.2	provisional
Mon, 10/5	65.7	provisional
Sun, 10/4	77.5	provisional
Sat, 10/3	87.4	provisional
Fri, 10/2	86.2	provisional
Thu, 10/1	67.5	provisional
Wed, 9/30	78.8	provisional
Tue, 9/29	64.7	provisional
Mon, 9/28	77.8	provisional
Sun, 9/27	69.5	provisional
Sat, 9/26	43.2	provisional
Fri, 9/25	43.8	provisional
Thu, 9/24	69.4	provisional
Wed, 9/23	58.9	provisional
Tue, 9/22	75.8	provisional
Mon, 9/21	86.7	provisional
Sun, 9/20	97.2	provisional
Sat, 9/19	110.5	provisional
Fri, 9/18	99.7	provisional
Thu, 9/17	95	provisional
Wed, 9/16	87.1	provisional
Tue, 9/15	88.9	provisional
Mon, 9/14	104.1	provisional
Sun, 9/13	86.7	provisional
Sat, 9/12	58	provisional
Fri, 9/11	101	provisional
Thu, 9/10	114.3	provisional
Wed, 9/9	102.7	provisional
Tue, 9/8	114.2	provisional
Mon, 9/7	115.7	provisional

Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earliermonth with days without data from the station

Last 12 months, monthly average: O₃ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Month	µg/m³	a year earlier	Note
October 2026 so far	35.9	23.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026	55.2	42.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
August 2026	82.1	66.6	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
July 2026	too few readings	76.9	measured in 54 % of hours · provisional
June 2026	68.8	70.7	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
May 2026	55.1	42.1	measured in 89 % of hours · provisional · 3 days without data from the station
April 2026	50.6	37.4	measured in 93 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
March 2026	31.7	too few readings	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
February 2026	too few readings	12.1	measured in 55 % of hours · provisional
January 2026	12.4	6.4	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 2025	9.7	6.6	measured in 100 % of hours · verified
November 2025	9.9	7.4	measured in 100 % of hours · verified

O₃ by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure	2026*	2025	2024	2023
Days with 8-hour average above 120 µg/m³ (target value 25)	≥ 30	17	≥ 22²	1
Annual average, µg/m³	49.3*	35.3	too few	44.9
Highest 8-hour average, µg/m³	159August 24	139July 5	143July 19	122July 14
Hours measured	88 %	93 %	90 %	97 %
Days without any reading from the station	4	2	2	0

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

≥ means at least: more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, so the real number may be higher.

² Too few readings to compare with the number allowed: the figure covers only what was measured.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

The column for 2023 is shown on wider screens.

The worst days of 2026

Day	Highest 8 h	Times the limit
Aug 24, 2026provisional	159	1.3 ×
Sep 2, 2026provisional	134	1.1 ×
Aug 13, 2026provisional	132	1.1 ×
Aug 11, 2026provisional	132	1.1 ×
Aug 17, 2026provisional	131	1.1 ×

Daily average in µg/m³, daily limit 120 µg/m³. Days with the same unverified value over many hours are not on this list.

Sulphur dioxide SO₂

5.3

Nowµg/m³

Measured at 17:00

3.7

Last 24 hoursµg/m³

measured in 92 % of hours · provisional

3.5

Last 7 daysµg/m³

measured in 99 % of hours · provisional

3.9

Last 30 daysµg/m³

measured in 100 % of hours · provisional

Last 12 monthsµg/m³

measured in 97 % of hours · provisional

Days in 2026: SO₂, daily average above 125 µg/m³

No measured day above the limit. 4 days without any reading from the station.

above the limit
below the limit
too few readings for the day
no data from the station

Months of 2026

Month	Average	Highest day	No readings
January	3	5	0
February	2	4	0
March	2	4	0
April	3	4	1
May	3	4	3
June	3	9	0
July	3	5	0
August	4	6	0
September	4	5	0
October up to yesterday	3	4	0

Values in µg/m³. ■ marks a month with at least one day above the limit; the number allowed applies to the whole year. “No readings”: days on which not a single reading came from the station.

measured

Last 7 days, every hour: SO₂ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Hour to	µg/m³	Note
Wednesday, 10/7
16:00	4.8
15:00	4.8
14:00	5.3
13:00	3.2
12:00	3.9
11:00	3.5
10:00	3.2
09:00	1.4
08:00	1.8
07:00	2.3
06:00	3
05:00	3.1
04:00	3.3
03:00	4.6
02:00	3.5
01:00	3.4
Tuesday, 10/6
00:00	3.3
23:00	2.8
22:00	4.8
21:00	4.5
20:00	5.1
19:00	5.1
18:00	5
17:00	4.3
16:00	3.6
15:00	5
14:00	5.2
13:00	4.2
12:00	3.3
11:00	5.5
10:00	4.3
09:00	4.5
08:00	4.6
07:00	4.4
06:00	4.3
05:00	4.3
04:00	3.8
03:00	1.9
02:00	4.2
01:00	3.9
Monday, 10/5
00:00	3.7
23:00	2.9
22:00	4.9
21:00	4.8
20:00	3.5
19:00	4.4
18:00	4.3
17:00	5.5
16:00	4.5
15:00	5.4
14:00	5
13:00	4.2
12:00	3.9
11:00	4.5
10:00	3.8
09:00	3.5
08:00	3.9
07:00	3.6
06:00	3.6
05:00	3
04:00	2.5
03:00	2.4
02:00	2.2
01:00	2.7
Sunday, 10/4
00:00	2.9
23:00	2.7
22:00	4.8
21:00	3.6
20:00	3.6
19:00	5.5
18:00	3.9
17:00	3.8
16:00	4.4
15:00	4.3
14:00	4.3
13:00	3.5
12:00	2.4
11:00	2.8
10:00	1.1
09:00	1.7
08:00	1
07:00	2.7
06:00	3
05:00	3.1
04:00	4.1
03:00	4.5
02:00	2
Saturday, 10/3
00:00	0.3
23:00	3.3
22:00	3.2
21:00	2.8
20:00	3.5
19:00	4
18:00	3.3
17:00	2.9
16:00	3.9
15:00	3.8
14:00	3
13:00	3
12:00	2.4
11:00	3.9
10:00	3.4
09:00	3.5
08:00	3.4
07:00	3.6
06:00	3.4
05:00	2.6
04:00	1.9
03:00	2.3
02:00	2.9
01:00	3.9
Friday, 10/2
00:00	2.7
23:00	3.6
22:00	4.2
21:00	4.2
20:00	3.8
19:00	2.6
18:00	2.7
17:00	3.7
16:00	4
15:00	2.5
14:00	3.4
13:00	2.8
12:00	3.1
11:00	3.1
10:00	1.1
09:00	2.2
08:00	2
07:00	2.8
06:00	3.5
05:00	3.4
04:00	2.4
03:00	2.7
02:00	3.5
01:00	2.8
Thursday, 10/1
00:00	3.7
23:00	3.3
22:00	3.5
21:00	4.1
20:00	4.4
19:00	4.1
18:00	3.2
17:00	3.2
16:00	3.2
15:00	4.3
14:00	3.4
13:00	3.8
12:00	3.8
11:00	3.5
10:00	2.5
09:00	3.1
08:00	4.3
07:00	4
06:00	2.7
05:00	2.2
04:00	3.5
03:00	2
02:00	0.6
01:00	3.5
Wednesday, 9/30
00:00	2.2
23:00	2.7
22:00	4.4
21:00	3.9
20:00	4

Last 30 days, daily average: SO₂ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Day	µg/m³	Note
Tue, 10/6	4.2	provisional
Mon, 10/5	3.9	provisional
Sun, 10/4	3.3	provisional
Sat, 10/3	3.1	provisional
Fri, 10/2	3	provisional
Thu, 10/1	3.3	provisional
Wed, 9/30	3.5	provisional
Tue, 9/29	3.6	provisional
Mon, 9/28	3.5	provisional
Sun, 9/27	3.5	provisional
Sat, 9/26	3.8	provisional
Fri, 9/25	3.9	provisional
Thu, 9/24	4.1	provisional
Wed, 9/23	4.9	provisional
Tue, 9/22	4.9	provisional
Mon, 9/21	4.6	provisional
Sun, 9/20	3.8	provisional
Sat, 9/19	4.4	provisional
Fri, 9/18	4	provisional
Thu, 9/17	4.2	provisional
Wed, 9/16	3.8	provisional
Tue, 9/15	4.1	provisional
Mon, 9/14	4.4	provisional
Sun, 9/13	3.9	provisional
Sat, 9/12	3.6	provisional
Fri, 9/11	3.9	provisional
Thu, 9/10	3.9	provisional
Wed, 9/9	4.1	provisional
Tue, 9/8	3.7	provisional
Mon, 9/7	3.7	provisional

Last 12 monthsthis month so fara year earliermonth with days without data from the station

Last 12 months, monthly average: SO₂ in µg/m³

Values as a table

Month	µg/m³	a year earlier	Note
October 2026 so far	3.5	3.2	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional · year before: same days
September 2026	4	3	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
August 2026	4	4	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
July 2026	3.4	5.3	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
June 2026	3.1	4	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
May 2026	2.7	3.3	measured in 88 % of hours · provisional · 3 days without data from the station
April 2026	2.7	2.8	measured in 92 % of hours · provisional · 1 day without data from the station
March 2026	2.5	4.2	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
February 2026	2.4	3.4	measured in 99 % of hours · provisional
January 2026	2.9	3	measured in 100 % of hours · provisional
December 2025	2.6	2.6	measured in 99 % of hours · verified
November 2025	2.2	2.5	measured in 99 % of hours · verified

SO₂ by year

Yardstick: EU limits (Directive 2008/50/EC)

Measure	2026*	2025	2024	2023
Days above 125 µg/m³ (allowed 3)	0	0	0	0
Hours above 350 µg/m³ (allowed 24)	0	0	0	0
Hours above 500 µg/m³, three hours in a row (alert threshold)	0	0	0	0
Annual average, µg/m³	3.1*	3.4	2.2	2.5
Highest daily average, µg/m³	9June 16	10July 24	7February 4	6January 6
Highest hourly value, µg/m³	19June 16	27July 24	32August 10	19January 6
Hours measured	97 %	98 %	97 %	95 %
Days without any reading from the station	4	2	2	0

* 2026 up to October 6; the average since the start of the year is not yet an annual average.

The monitoring networks have not yet finally verified this year’s data. The EEA publishes verified values once a year.

■ and a figure in red: more than is allowed for the whole year.

There is no allowed number for the warning and alert thresholds: every such hour or day is in red.

The column for 2023 is shown on wider screens.

Compared with the new EU rules and the WHO recommendation

EU from 2030: daily 50 µg/m³, 18 days allowed. In 2026 there were 0 such days.
WHO 2021: daily 40 µg/m³, at most three to four days a year. In 2026 there were 0 such days.

Sources: Directive (EU) 2024/2881, Annex I; WHO global air quality guidelines 2021, table 0.1. Checked against the texts on 7 October 2026.

Outages in the last 12 months

Every period of at least 24 hours in which no reading arrived from this station.

Days without a reading: 8

2 outages, 193 hours in total in the last 12 months.

Timeline of outages from October 7, 2025 to today

From	To	Duration
Apr 29, 2026 13:00	May 4, 2026 12:00	5 days
Oct 23, 2025 10:00	Oct 26, 2025 11:00	3 days

Calculated from the hourly values the EEA publishes. If late values arrive afterwards, an outage gets shorter or disappears.

Where the data comes from

Measured by Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. We take the values from the European Environment Agency (EEA) under the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Values marked provisional have not been fully checked by the network yet. The EEA publishes verified data for the previous year once a year, usually by the end of September.

An hourly value is the average of one hour. We show the end of the hour: the value to 18:00 was measured from 17:00 to 18:00.

A day runs from midnight to midnight local time.

We only show an average when at least three out of four hours in the period have a reading. The EU air quality directive requires this for daily averages, and we apply the same rule to longer periods. We compare an annual average with the EU limit only once 90 % of hours are measured, as the directive requires. For 12 months and for a year we ask for more: if less than 90 % of hours are measured, every full calendar month needs readings for at least half of its hours. Otherwise a whole season could be missing from the average, such as summer, when ozone is highest.

We do not call a difference of up to 10 % a change, nor one of up to 1 µg/m³ at low levels, because weather and measurement uncertainty alone cause differences that size.

When a station sends no reading, the EEA sometimes fills the hour with a model estimate. We draw those hours dashed and leave them out of every average.

The EU limits come from Directive 2008/50/EC. Here they serve as a yardstick for comparison. When more than a tenth of the days or hours are missing, the number of exceedances can only be higher, so we write “at least” in front of it.

How we measure

All monitoring stations

How to cite this page

Name samoEKO as the source and link to this page. The readings come from official stations, so please credit them too.

Source: samoEKO, Air quality, Karpos station, https://samoeko.com/en/luft/stanica/MK0048A, accessed 7 October 2026. Readings: official stations, via the European Environment Agency (EEA). The level is calculated by samoEKO.

Rules for reuse

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